Term
| Two types of host defense systems |
|
Definition
| Innate & Adaptive immunity |
|
|
Term
| First line of defense; nonspecific; always present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specific or acquired defense |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two major classes of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte most responsible for the clearance of extracellular microbes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte population most responsible for the clearance of intracellular microbes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Helper, Cytolytic, Regulatory |
|
|
Term
| Substance, usually foreign, that reacts with an antibody. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substance, usually foreign, that elicits an immune response. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inactivated toxin that retains immunogenicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of vaccine containing toxoids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte population that secretes antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte population that directly kills infected cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte population that helps B cells make antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte population that helps activate macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Active immunity that is naturally acquired. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Active immunity that is artificially acquired. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passive immunity that is naturally acquired. |
|
Definition
| Placental transfer of IgG |
|
|
Term
| Passive immunity that is naturally acquired. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passive immunity that is artificially acquired. |
|
Definition
| Injection of immune globulin |
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|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that increases number of antigen-specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens |
|
Definition
| Contraction and homeostasis |
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|
Term
| Property of adaptive immune system that prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has not yet engaged antigen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that has been activated by antigen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maturation stage of a mature lymphocyte that is long-lived and ready to rapidly respond to antigen on the second/subsequent exposures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to blood-borne antigens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary lymphoid tissue where the response occurs to tissue-borne antigens. |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT |
|
|
Term
| Major cell types involved in innate immunity |
|
Definition
| Granulocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells |
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|
Term
| Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic location where stem cells reside |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic site of B cell maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic site of T cell maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that capture and present peptides to T cells |
|
Definition
| Antigen-presenting cells (APC) |
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|
Term
| Professional antigen presenting cells |
|
Definition
| Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, FDC |
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|
Term
| Response to first exposure to an antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Response to repeat encounters with the same antigen |
|
Definition
| Secondary immune response |
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|
Term
| Major antibody produced in serum during primary immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major antibody produced in serum during secondary immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical mediators that coordinate the immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical mediators that signal the recruitment of cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surface molecules that mediate cell to cell communication in the immune system |
|
Definition
| Cluster of differentiation antigens |
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|
Term
| Sample antigens from tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic location of T cells in lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic location of B cells in lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Samples blood-borne antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomic location of T cells in spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Specialized venules in lymph nodes where T cells enter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compete with potential pathogens |
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|
Term
| Anti-microbial peptides found in tissues |
|
Definition
| Defensins, cathelicidins, antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| Antimicrobial agent found in tears |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innate immune response to microbes and tissue injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cellular receptors for microbial antigens on innate immune cells |
|
Definition
| Pathogen recognition receptors |
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|
Term
| LPS, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, viral RNA, fungal mannans |
|
Definition
| Pathogen associated molecular patterns |
|
|
Term
| General characteristics of innate immunity |
|
Definition
| No induction period, specificity or memory |
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|
Term
| Extensive physical barrier to infection |
|
Definition
| Epithelial lining of portals of entry |
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|
Term
| Most active phagocytic cell and most abundant circulating WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth factors that stimulate neutrophil production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reaction in phagocytes that produces reactive oxygen species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lysozyme, reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide |
|
Definition
| Microbicidal molecules of phagocytes |
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|
Term
| Enzyme responsible for production of reactive oxygen species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines that target endothelium, among others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adhesion molecules expressed on endothelium that mediate rolling of leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that bind to selectins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that mediate tethering of leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adhesion molecules expressed on leukocytes that mediate tethering of leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocytes of innate immunity that provide early defense against viral infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major source of interferon-g (IFN) in innate immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structural domains found on inhibitory receptors of NK cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structural domains found on activating receptors of NK cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intraepithelial lymphocytes that are early sentinels of bacterial infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activator of classical pathway of complement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activator of alternative pathway of complement |
|
Definition
| Binding of C3b to microbial surfaces |
|
|
Term
| Activator of lectin pathway of complement |
|
Definition
| Terminal mannose residues of microbial glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Molecules that coat microbial surfaces to aid engulfment by phagocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major opsonin generated by complement activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pro-inflammatory molecules generated by complement activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polymeric protein complex that lyses microbes |
|
Definition
| Membrane Attack Complex (MAC); C6-C9 |
|
|
Term
| Cytokines that activate endothelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class of cytokines that increase integrin affinity and are chemotacic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that induces interferon-g production by NK cells and T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that activates macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibition of protein synthesis, degradation of viral RNA, inhibition of viral gene expression and assembly |
|
Definition
| Anti-viral mechanisms of Type I interferons |
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|
Term
| Cytokine that down-regulates immune responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pro-inflammatory cytokines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inducers of the acute phase response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Induces proliferation of plasma cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin and others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signals generated by innate immune response to stimulate lymphocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substances given with vaccines that stimulate immune responses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils |
|
Definition
| Cells quantified on a CBC |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defective phagocyte oxidase |
|
Definition
| Chronic granulomatous disease |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic test for phagocyte function |
|
Definition
| Nitroblue tetrazolium assay |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defective CD18 or lack of fucosylated oligosaccharides on Sialyl-Lewisx |
|
Definition
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| Signals required to activate lymphocytes |
|
Definition
| Antigen recognition and signal from innate immune response |
|
|
Term
| Second signal for T cell activation |
|
Definition
| B7 on dendritic cells binding to CD28 on T cells |
|
|
Term
| Second signal for B cells |
|
Definition
| C3d binding to CR2 receptor on B cells |
|
|
Term
| Host-derived substances (IL-1, TNF, IL-6) that induce fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defective exocytosis of granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Processed peptides bound to MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recognition by T cells of peptides bound to one’s own MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that capture and present peptides to T cells |
|
Definition
| Antigen-presenting cells (APC) |
|
|
Term
| Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for immature dendritic cell in the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Transports antigen from epithelia to draining lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Destination of antigens captured in epithelia and sub-epithelial tissues |
|
Definition
| Lymph nodes, MALT, GALT, BALT |
|
|
Term
| Destination of blood-borne antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microbial-induced activators of dendritic cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Destination of dendritic cells in lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical signal that attracts activated dendritic cells to draining lymph node |
|
Definition
| Chemokines that bind to CCR7 on dendritic cell |
|
|
Term
| Afferent lymphatic vessel—lymph node---efferent lymphatic vessel |
|
Definition
| Flow of lymph through a draining lymph node |
|
|
Term
| Human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins |
|
Definition
| Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) |
|
|
Term
| Genes that encode the Class I MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that express Class I MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes that encode the Class II MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells that express Class II MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Set of MHC alleles present on each chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MHC molecules that are recognized by CD8+ T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MHC molecules that are recognized by CD4+ T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Domains of peptide-binding groove of MHC Class I molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD8 binding site of MHC Class I molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Domains of peptide-binding groove of MHC Class II molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD4 binding site of MHC Class II molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Source of antigens for MHC Class I molecules |
|
Definition
| Endogenous cytosolic proteins |
|
|
Term
| Source of antigens for MHC Class II molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site of peptide loading for MHC Class I molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Site of peptide loading for MHC Class II molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes that generate peptides for MHC Class I molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes that generate peptides for MHC Class II molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that responds to peptide: MHC Class II molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that responds to peptide: MHC Class I molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two heavy chains and two light chains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigen-binding domains of a B cell receptor (BCR) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Predominant version of T cell receptor in adaptive immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigen-binding domains of the T cell receptor (TCR) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signaling molecules of BCR complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signaling molecules of TCR complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complexes of peptide: MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, small chemicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cells whose antigen receptors that are both membrane bound and secreted |
|
Definition
| BCR/ Immunoglobulins (Ig) |
|
|
Term
| Portion of Ig molecule that binds antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of Ig molecule that binds complement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of Ig molecule that binds to macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number of antigen binding sites on the TCR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most abundant antibody in the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody found in GI tract, colostrum, sweat, tears, saliva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pentameric antibody that potently activates complement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only antibody that crosses the placenta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major class of antibody directed at helminth infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Classes of antibody that serve as BCR on naive B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody that activates mast cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two classes of Ig that possess a J chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Derivation of antibodies from a single clone of B lymphocytes that have identical antigen specificity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of Ig molecule that determines isotype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated and differentiated B cell that secretes antibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gene segments in variable regions of Ig heavy chain and TCR chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First recombination event in BCR heavy chain and TCR chain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ig light chain and TCR a chain gene segments in variable regions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rearrangement of V, D, and J segments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Process that ensures expression of BCR with single specificity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Change of Ig class but preservation of antigen specificity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nucleotide changes in variable regions of Ig genes affecting affinity for antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzymes responsible for somatic recombination |
|
Definition
| VDJ recombinase (RAG-1 and RAG-2) |
|
|
Term
| Number of CDRs in an intact TCR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Total number of V-(D)-J combinations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Number of CDRs in an intact BCR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of B cell with no detectable recombination events |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of B cell with recombined H chain and RNA and surrogate light chains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of B cell with IgM expressed on surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of B cell with IgM and IgD expressed on surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of T cell with no recombined b chain |
|
Definition
| Double negative thymocyte; Pro-T cell |
|
|
Term
| Stage of T cell with recombined b chain and expressed pre-Ta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stage of T cell with expressed TCR and both CD4 and CD8 |
|
Definition
| Double-positive T cell; immature T cell |
|
|
Term
| Weak recognition of MHC Class II + self-peptide |
|
Definition
| Positive selection for CD4+ |
|
|
Term
| Weak recognition of MHC Class I + self-peptide |
|
Definition
| Positive selection for CD8+ |
|
|
Term
| No recognition of MHC + self-peptide |
|
Definition
| Failure of positive selection |
|
|
Term
| Strong recognition of MHC + peptide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intracellular location of phagocytized microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of most intracellular pathogens that have invaded cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell accessory molecule that binds co-stimulators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell accessory molecule involved in negative regulation of activated T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| APC molecule that provides second signal to T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell accessory molecules involved in signal transduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell accessory molecules involved in adhesion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Substances that induce expression of co-stimulators on APCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Autocrine cytokine that promotes T cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Region of contact between APC and T cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical site of activation of T cells by APCs |
|
Definition
| Paracortex of lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| Tyrosine motifs on CD3 and z chains involved in signaling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tyrosine kinase that triggers several signaling pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| High affinity version of the IL-2 Receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that defends against intracellular microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokines that drive development of Th1 cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signature cytokines of Th1cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that defends against extracellular microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that drives development of Th2 cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signature cytokines of Th2 cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population involved in inflammatory disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Signature cytokines of Th17 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that inhibits T cell activation |
|
Definition
| Transforming growth factor (TGF)-b |
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that induces B cell switching to produce IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokine that activates eosinophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that drives activation of macrophages and production of some classes of antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that drives production of some classes of antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population that directly kills infected cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ligand expressed on CD4+ T cells that makes APC better at stimulating T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defense against ingested microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defense against infected cells with microbes in cytoplasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical site of activation of naive T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical site of antigen elimination by effector T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homing molecules on activated T cells |
|
Definition
| E- and P-selectin ligand, LFA-1 or VLA-4, CXCR3 |
|
|
Term
| Homing molecules on naive T cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune-mediated tissue damage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effector cell of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cytokine that activates macrophages to kill ingested microbes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin test that detects DTH response to Mycobacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Time frame to elicit a DTH reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanisms of damage in DTH |
|
Definition
| Macrophages, CTLs, granulomatous inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Chronic CMI response to TB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Defense against helminth infections |
|
Definition
| IgE and IL-5-activated eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| Enzymes that cleave and activate caspases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Protein necessary for delivery of granzymes into target cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of CTL-mediated killing of target cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cytokines that inhibit microbicidal activity of macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activating signals for CTLs |
|
Definition
| Antigen recognition & firm adhesion |
|
|
Term
| Viral-induced mechanism of immune evasion |
|
Definition
| Inhibit antigen presentation |
|
|
Term
| Mycobacteria-induced mechanism of immune evasion |
|
Definition
| Inhibit phagolysosome fusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polysaccharides, lipids, small chemicals, nucleic acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B cell population that resides in follicles of lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B cell population that resides in marginal zones of spleen |
|
Definition
| Marginal zone B (MZB) cells |
|
|
Term
| B cell population that resides in mucosa and peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B cell populations that produce primarily IgM |
|
Definition
| MZB cells and B-1 B cells |
|
|
Term
| Major antibody produced in primary response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major antibody produced in secondary response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of B cell co-receptor complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of B cell antigen receptor complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical site of activation of naive B cells |
|
Definition
| B cell zones of lymphoid tissues |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of helper T cell-induced activation of B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Effector mechanism of B cells in humoral immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inducers of heavy chain isotype switching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Basis of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that induces switch recombination |
|
Definition
| Activation-induced deaminase (AID) |
|
|
Term
| Major cytokine that induces switching to IgG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cytokine that induces switching to IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cytokine that induces switching to IgA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Process that increases affinity of antibody for antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anatomical site where affinity maturation occurs |
|
Definition
| Germinal centers of lymphoid follicles |
|
|
Term
| Enzyme that results in numerous point mutations in Ig genes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of affinity maturation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of antigen induces primarily an IgM response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of antigen results in isotype switching |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receptor that mediates antibody feedback |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most important antibody for complement activation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary antibody for defense against helminths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody that provides mucosal immunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody that crosses the placenta to protect neonates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major opsonizing antibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibody that mediates mast cell degranulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binds to dimeric IgA and facilitates transcytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NK cell-mediated killing of IgG-coated cells |
|
Definition
| Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| Fc receptor involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity (ADCC) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fc receptor involved mast cell degranulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fc receptor involved in down-regulation of B cell activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fc receptor involved in transporting IgG from blood to extracellular spaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C3 convertase of classical pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complement products that are chemotactic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C3 convertase of alternative pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stabilizes C3bBb complex on pathogen surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Components of membrane attack complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C5 convertase of classical pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C5 convertase of alternative pathway |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Component of MAC that polymerizes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complement product that is an opsonin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deficiency of this complement regulatory protein results in Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Host protein that displaces Bb from C3b |
|
Definition
| Decay accelerating factor |
|
|
Term
| Proteins unique to the alternative pathway of complement |
|
Definition
| Properdin, Factor B and D |
|
|
Term
| Type of immune protection induced by bacterial vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of immune protection from live attenuated viral vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of immune protection from subunit vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of immune protection from conjugate vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of immune protection from synthetic vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of immune evasion by altering surface antigens recognized by immune system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best routes of injection to elicit immune response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stimulates slow release of antigen, enhances processing, or stimulates expression of co-stimulators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common adjuvant used in human vaccines in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small molecule that cannot induce an immune response by itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism to convert a hapten to an immunogen |
|
Definition
| Conjugate to carrier protein |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus or diphtheria toxoid |
|
Definition
| Vaccine containing hapten-carrier conjugate |
|
|
Term
| Antibody that recognizes only one epitope of an antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chimeric antibody with mouse Fab regions and human Fc regions |
|
Definition
| Humanized mouse monoclonal antibodies |
|
|
Term
| Strength of interaction between one antibody combining site with a single antigenic determinant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sum of the strengths of multivalent antigens with all of the antibodies that bind to the antigen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Class of antibody with low affinity but high avidity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maximum number of molecules that can be bound by antigen or antibody |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Test to determine presence of antibody-coated erythrocytes |
|
Definition
| Direct agglutination test or Direct Coomb’s test |
|
|
Term
| Test to determine presence of circulating anti-erythrocyte antibodies |
|
Definition
| Indirect agglutination test or Indirect Coomb’s test |
|
|
Term
| Complement binding to an antigen-antibody complex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique that utilizes light scatter to measure antigen or antibody levels in a sample |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Assay based on enzyme-dependent color change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique that identifies cells based on surface antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique that identifies a given protein in a cell or tissue lysate |
|
Definition
| Western blot or immunoblotting |
|
|
Term
| Zone where ratio of antigen to antibody that precipitates large, insoluble immune complexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease characterized by immune complexes involving IgG induced by heterologous proteins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique to quantify lymphocyte subpopulations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| B cell polyclonal activator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell polyclonal activators |
|
Definition
| Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A |
|
|
Term
| Indicator of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibodies of one individual that agglutinate erythrocytes from another individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In vivo assay of cell-mediated immunity |
|
Definition
| Skin test with PPD or candidin |
|
|
Term
| Indicator of humoral immunity |
|
Definition
| Specific antibody response to vaccines |
|
|
Term
| Histopathologic abnormality in B cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Absent/reduced follicles and germinal centers in lymphoid tissues |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormality in B cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common infectious diseases in patients with B cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococci, Staphylococci, Neisseria spp., Haemophilus influenzae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histopathologic abnormality in T cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Reduced T cell zones in lymphoid tissues |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormality in patients with T cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Reduced DTH reaction to common antigens (PPD, etc.) |
|
|
Term
| Laboratory abnormality in T cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Defective T cell proliferative responses to mitogens in vitro |
|
|
Term
| Common infectious diseases in patients with T cell deficiencies |
|
Definition
| Intracellular pathogens (viruses, Pneumocystis jiroveci and other fungi, atypical mycobacteria, virus-associated lymphomas |
|
|
Term
| Genetic defects that affect both T and B cell development |
|
Definition
| Severe-combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) |
|
|
Term
| Common receptor component for IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Form of SCID caused by defective T cell maturation due to defect in cytokine signaling |
|
Definition
| X-linked SCID due to defect in gc |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in X-linked SCID |
|
Definition
| Decreased T cells with normal or increased B cells; reduced serum Ig |
|
|
Term
| Causes of autosomal SCID due to build-up of toxic metabolites |
|
Definition
| Deficiency in adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in ADA deficiency |
|
Definition
| Progressive decrease in T and B cells; reduced serum Ig |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in PNP deficiency |
|
Definition
| Progressive decrease in T cells; normal B cells and serum Ig levels |
|
|
Term
| Cause of autosomal SCID due to defective gene rearrangement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with defective RAG genes |
|
Definition
| Decreased T and B cells; reduced serum Ig |
|
|
Term
| Defect in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (Brutons) |
|
Definition
| Defective tyrokine kinase (Btk) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with Brutons agammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
| Decreased B cell numbers and decrease in all isotypes of serum Ig |
|
|
Term
| Disease due to defective development of 3rd and 4th branchial pouches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histopathologic abnormality in patients with DiGeorge syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with DiGeorge syndrome |
|
Definition
| Decreased T cells; normal B cells; normal or decreased serum Ig |
|
|
Term
| Common treatment for patients with decreased serum Ig levels |
|
Definition
| Pooled immunoglobulins from healthy donors (IVIG) |
|
|
Term
| Defect leading to defective heavy chain switching in B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in X-linked Hyper-IgM syndrome |
|
Definition
| Elevated IgM with little IgG, IgA, or IgE |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by mutations in receptor for B cell growth factors or co-stimulators (ICOS, TACI) |
|
Definition
| Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in CVID |
|
Definition
| Reduced or no production of selective isotypes or subtypes of Ig |
|
|
Term
| Types of infections in patients with IgA deficiency |
|
Definition
| Mucosal infections (respiratory, gastrointestinal) |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by mutations in genes that result in lack of expression of class II MHC molecules |
|
Definition
| Bare lymphocyte syndrome II (BLS II) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with BLS II |
|
Definition
| Impaired CD4+ T cell number and activation; defective CMI and T cell-dependent humoral immunity |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by mutations in genes (TAP) that result in lack of expression of class I MHC molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with BLS I |
|
Definition
| Decreased CD8+ T cell number and activation |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defective protein that affects cytoskeleton function (T cell activation and leukocyte mobility) |
|
Definition
| Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with WAS |
|
Definition
| Eczema, reduced blood platelets, and immunodeficiency |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defects in DNA repair |
|
Definition
| Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical abnormalities in patients with AT |
|
Definition
| Gait abnormalities, vascular malformations, and immunodeficiciency |
|
|
Term
| Disease caused by defects in the LYST gene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease with symptoms of recurrent infections with pyogenic bacteria, partial oculocutaneous albinism, infiltration of organs with lymphocytes, giant lysosomes in immune cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune reactions that cause injury or pathology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injury or pathology caused by IgE-induced release of mediators from mast cells |
|
Definition
| Immediate or Type I hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Injury or pathology caused by antibodies to cells or tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Injury or pathology caused by immune complexes |
|
Definition
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Injury or pathology caused by T cell-mediated damage to tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Individuals with a predisposition to develop allergies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Population of T cells that controls production of IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antigens that stimulate IgE production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TH2-derived cytokines that stimulate production of IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Process of coating mast cells with IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Receptor on mast cells that bind IgE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Location of mast cells in the host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of mediator release in IgE-sensitized mast cells |
|
Definition
| Cross-linking of IgE upon second exposure to allergen |
|
|
Term
| First wave of mediators released within minutes by mast cells upon repeat exposure to allergen (immediate reaction) |
|
Definition
| Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, proteases |
|
|
Term
| Second wave of mediators released within 6-24 hours by mast cells upon repeat exposure to allergen (late phase reaction) |
|
Definition
| Cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF) |
|
|
Term
| Predominant cell types in the late phase reaction |
|
Definition
| Eosinophils, neutrophils, TH2 cells |
|
|
Term
| Source of proteases that induce tissue damage in allergic reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic reaction characterized by edema in many tissues due to widespread mast cell degranulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment that relaxes bronchial smooth muscles |
|
Definition
| Antihistamines and phophodiesterase inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Treatment that induces vascular smooth muscle contraction and increases cardiac output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment that inhibits mast cell degranulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergic syndrome characterized by increased mucus secretion and inflammation of upper airways and sinuses |
|
Definition
| Allergic rhinitis, hay fever |
|
|
Term
| Allergic syndrome characterized by increased peristalsis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergic syndrome characterized by bronchial hyperresposiveness caused by smooth muscle contraction; inflammation and tissue injury caused by late phase reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Syndrome characterized by fall in blood pressure caused by vascular dilation; airway obstruction due to laryngeal edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common target of antibodies in Type II and III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of injury in Type II hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Inflammation at site of deposition (Complement and Fc-receptor-mediated inflammation) |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of injury in Type II hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Opsonization and phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of injury in Type II hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Interfering with normal cellular functions |
|
|
Term
| Most common site of deposition of immune complexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common mechanism of injury in Type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Inflammation at site of deposition (Complement and Fc-receptor-mediated inflammation) |
|
|
Term
| Cutaneous vasculitis induced by subcutaneous administration of a protein antigen to a previously immunized host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment with antibody to this protein expressed on mature B cells that results in depletion of B cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Post-streptococcal disease that results in myocarditis as a result of cross-reactive antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of tissue damage by T cells in Type IV hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| Inflammation or cell lysis |
|
|
Term
| Populations of T cells that mediate Type IV hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T cell population responsible for recruitment of leukocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Immune response against an antigen that results in exposure of new antigens |
|
Definition
|
|
