Term
| Topical Anesthetics: Purpose and Pharmacology |
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Definition
Purpose: temporarily anesthetize the cornea &/or conj
Pharm: stabilize neuronal memb to make it less permeable to ions, thereby preventing initiation and transmission of nerve impulses |
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Term
| Topical Anesthetics: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that require anesthetic |
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Definition
Diagnostic: ERG, Goldmann applanation tono., gonio, forced duction, assessment of corneal foreign body sensation, Schirmer No. 2, contact lens fundoscopy
Therapeutic: corneal foreign body removal, lacrimal dilation and irrigation, punctal occlusion, periocular injections |
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Term
| Topical Anesthetics: Contraindications |
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Definition
1. Hypersensitivity
2. Known allergic reaction
3. When doing bacterial cultures |
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Term
| Topical Anesthetic: Onset and duration |
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Definition
Onset: 5-10 sec
Duration: one drop = 10-20 min. prolong the effect w. more drops |
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Term
| Topical Anesthetics: Side effects |
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Definition
Ocular: disruption of corneal epith leading to mild keratitis, transient conj. hyperemia, transient corneal edema
Systemic: rare, though overdose could effect CNS, cardiovascular and/or respiratory system |
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Term
| Topical Anesthetics: Agents |
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Definition
1. Proparacaine HCL 0.5% soln
aka Spectro-caine, Ak-Taine, Alcaine, Ophthaine
2. Tetracaine HCL 0.5# soln
aka AK-T-Caine, AK-T-Caine PF
3. Benoxinate HCL 0.4% soln plus 0.25% fluorescein sodium
aka Fluress, Flurox, Fluoracaine
4. Lidocaine 4% soln
5. Cocaine 4% soln (my favorite) |
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