Term
| What are the top two recommendation from pharmacists in vitamins or minerals? |
|
Definition
Ca = 1,200,000
multivitamin 950,000 |
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Term
| What are the top two recommendation from pharmacists in herbals? |
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Definition
omega 3's 678,000
fiber 565,000 |
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Term
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Definition
recommended daily allowence
-avg daily dietary intake that will meet 97-87% of healthy people
-renewed every 10 years |
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Term
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Definition
dietary reference intakes
-RDA/AI and Tul/ul +EAR |
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Term
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Definition
average intake
-made when the RDA cannot be eastablished, based on healthy persons intake |
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Term
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Definition
tolerable upper intake levels
-maximum nutrient daily nutrients that pose no adverse effects or toxicity |
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Term
| what is the definition for a vitamin? |
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Definition
| an organic substance that is essential for maintaing metabolism that is not made in the body |
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Term
| people with allergies that cannot eat certain foods may have an ___ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is intestinal sprew? |
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Definition
distrubance of absorption
-malabsorption disease
-IBS, diarrhea, hyperthyroidism |
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Term
| what is megavitamin therapy or orthomolecular psychology? |
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Definition
| gave massive doses of vitamins to treat disease - failed, no science or cure |
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Term
| What are the 2 important laws set in 2007? |
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Definition
GMP - good manufacturing practices
AERs adverse event reporting
-responsible to report adverse events |
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Term
|
Definition
| thiamine or thiamin (T HCL) |
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Term
| every vitamin for the most part has ___ status |
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Definition
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Term
| vitamin B1 deficieny is called ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| lacking vitamin B1 would see |
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Definition
-higher blood pressure
-if in childhood = may not grow
-memory loss
*thiamine does not improve memory loss |
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Term
| Thiamine toxicities are extensive, and they are ___ |
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Definition
*hypersensitivity
*nervousness and weakness
*convulsion and trembling
-increased enzyme turnover
*HA, neuromuscular paralysis
*arrhythmias, HTN
*shock, dilation, edema |
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Term
| there is study that high vitamin B1 can help reverse ___ disease in ___ |
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Definition
| renal disease in diabetics |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| B2 has a natural color, and makes urine ___ |
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Definition
| bright yellow or amber-ish |
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Term
| common sources of B1 is ___/___/___ |
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Definition
| sunflower seeds/beans/corn |
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Term
| we absorb B2 as FMN, which is ___ |
|
Definition
riboflavin phosphate
-so you can absorb in skin if its in a shampoo etc |
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Term
| With a deficiency in B2, you will start to see ___ |
|
Definition
seborrhea dermatitis
-whole body dandruff |
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Term
| what are the 3 types of dry flakey skin associated with B2 deficiency? |
|
Definition
Stomatitis - of the mouth
Glossitis - of the tongue
Cheilosis - cracking of lips |
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Term
| It is very hard to have a life threatening deficiency in ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| many hormones are activated/helped by B2, what are 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| B2 toxicity, it will inhibit ___ in neoplastic cells, so this is not necessarily good to take in ___ |
|
Definition
methotrexate
cancer patients
-best not to avoid in diets though |
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Term
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Definition
nicotinic acid
nicitinamide
niacin
*in NAD/NADPH etc |
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Term
| what is the only vitamin that can be supplemented by non-vitamin taking? |
|
Definition
B3 - niacin
*tryptophan turns into B3 |
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Term
| what is the B3 deficiency? |
|
Definition
Pellagra
-tongue erythema, a darkening of this |
|
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Term
| deficiency in B3 is from not having enough |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Niacin toxicity is usually found at ___ grams |
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Definition
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Term
| There are many niacin toxicities, and they are |
|
Definition
FFH - flushing, fainting, hypoTN
rash -pruritus
HB, NVD - avoid in IBS
ulcer
liver -jaundice
hyperglycemia, atrial fib
pigmented hyperkeratosis
-found in orthomolecular psychiatry |
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Term
| A myth about B3 is that excessive amounts of this will ___ |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is vitamin B7 (2 names) |
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Definition
| also known as vitamin H AND biotin |
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Term
| Biotin is produced from ___ |
|
Definition
the flora in the GIT
-so its impossible to have a deficiency |
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Term
| people having a deficiency problem in B7 are on ___ |
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Definition
| total parenteral nutrition |
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Term
A deficiency in B7, you would normally see ___
(important fact on the back) |
|
Definition
loss of hair on the face and body
*shampoos market biotin = false
*no B vitamins are absorbed through the skin |
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Term
| The bacteria responsible for making biotin in the gut are called ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pyridoxine -base
pyridoxal -aldehyde
pyridoxamine -amine group |
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Term
| B6 is highly found in ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| B6 is involved in the maintenance in the adrenal cortex hormones such as ___ |
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Definition
| FSH/LH/cortical/testosterone |
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Term
| B6 helps protect against ___ and is this vitamin can single-ly be termed the ___ vitamin |
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Definition
dental carries
stress vitamin |
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Term
| There are extensive ___ associated with B6, in which is will reduce ___/___ and keep ___ |
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Definition
| myths/PMS/hangovers/mosquitoes away |
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Term
| One woman took excessive amounts of B6, 5 grams/day, and she had many problems such as ___ |
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Definition
| loss of touch, no limb reflexes, needed 2 canes to walk |
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Term
| B6 may decrease ___ risk but don't push this, and it can have a minor help with ___ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| B5 is in everything we eat just about, and has a major part in ___ |
|
Definition
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Term
| There is not to much know about vitamin B5, not scientifically proven to heal ___. Also, there are no ___ |
|
Definition
broken skin
deficiencies known |
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Term
| Vitamin C is an ___, and it can convert ___ to ___ for collagen |
|
Definition
antioxidant
proline to hydroxyproline |
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Term
| Vitamin C deficiency is known as ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Scurvy symptoms are many... |
|
Definition
teeth fall out
bruises/scrapes do not heal
internal/external ulcers form
no iron absorption
poor WBCs and lack of RBC function |
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Term
| The major metabolite of vitamin C is ___, which this can form ___ |
|
Definition
oxalic acid (COOH-Ca-HOOC)
Raphides -sharp crystal-like stones |
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Term
| It is more common to die from ___ than lacking vitamin C in malnutrition |
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Definition
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Term
| Three are three types of people that will require higher than normal amounts of vitamin C |
|
Definition
hyperthyroidism
pregnant females
Cancer patients |
|
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Term
| There are many toxicities associated with vitamin C |
|
Definition
diarrhea - vitamin C squirts
cysteine/oxalate stones in urinary tract
rebound scurvy in neonates
Decreases prothrombin time (clotting)
megablastic anemia |
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Term
| mixing in vitamin ___ with vitamin C will cause vitamin C to degrade, but not seen in the body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Taking vitamin C at the ___ of a cold can shorten the severity and duration, so its better in prophylaxis |
|
Definition
12 hour onset
*decreased by one day |
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|
Term
| Being predisposed to ___ would be a poor patient to recommend vitamin C to. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is recommended to take ___ of vitamin C a day if you are not eating fresh fruits/tomatoes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Taking one gram of vitamin C is similar to having ___ before bed |
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Definition
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|
Term
| People with strokes should not increase |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Folic acid may reduce ___ in women and protect women against ___ (but a low does B12 is better) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A combination of ___ and ___ can help fight against colorectal cancer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| B9 may* help reduce ___ and it will give* healthier ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main problem in lacking folic acid is having |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
estimated average requirement
-amount of nutrients to meet 50% of healthy people |
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