Term
| Acute Diarrhea normally subsides within____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the classes of drugs that normally cause diarrhea |
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Definition
Antihypertensive, Laxatives, Antacids(magnesium), Antibiotics, Antineoplastics,Cardiac drugs, NSAIDs
PPI, H2RA, Colchicine, Misoprostol |
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Term
| Name 3 abx commonly assoc. with diarrhea |
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Definition
clindamycin
tetracycline
sulfonamides |
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Term
| Name the cardiac drugs assoc with diarrhea |
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Definition
Quinidine
Digoxin
Digitalis |
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Term
| What is the treatment for diarrhea assoc with food-borne pathogens? |
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Definition
Fluids and Electrolytes
They're often short lived,
some require abx if more severe |
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Term
What is the treatment of Diarrhea caused by C. diff?
What normally causes this? |
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Definition
PO Vanco and Metronidazole(Flagyl)
Overuse of abx |
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Term
| List reasons a patient should see a physician for diarrhea |
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Definition
blood, mucus or pus in stool
fever >101
<6months of age
severe abdominal pain
pregnancy
DM, severe CVD, renal diseases
Immunocompromised patients
Symptoms worsen or persist >48hrs |
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Term
| What is an important ingredient in fluids for treating diarrhea? Why? |
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Definition
Glucose
Necessary for the absoprtion of electrolytes
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Term
Lomotil (diphenoxylate)
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) Side effects
d) age limits?
e) also contains what other drug? |
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Definition
a) antimotility
b) 5mg 4x/day max 20 mg
c) n/v, constipation, dry mouth
d) not for use children <2
e) atropine |
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Term
Immodium (Loperamide)
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) Side effects
d) age limits? |
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Definition
a) antimotility
b) start with 4 mg then 2mg after each loose stool max 16mg
c) n/v, constipation, dry mouth
d) not for use in children <6 |
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Term
Kao-pectin
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage
c) Side effects
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Definition
a) adsorbent
b) 30mL after each loose stool
c) constipation, may bind to digoxin |
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Term
Metamucil
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) Side effects
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Definition
a) adsorbent
b) 2 tabs 4x/day or after each loose stool max 12 tabs/day
c) constipation |
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Term
Bismuth Subsalicylate
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) Side effects
d) age limits? |
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Definition
a) antisecretory
b) 2 tabs or 30 mL every 30 min to 1 h as needed max 8 doses.day
c) contains salicylate caution when used with anticoagulants, dark discoloration of the tongue
d) not for use in children <6 |
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Term
Octreotide
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage
c) Side effects
d) usage |
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Definition
a) Rx antisecretory
b) 50mcg subq
c) local pain at injection site
d) cancer tumors, gall bladder and biliary complications |
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Term
Lactaid
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage
c) Usage
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Definition
a) ezyme replacement
b) 3-4 gtts or 1-2 tabs with milk or dairy product
c) prevention of lactose intolerance |
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Term
Lactobacillus acidophilus
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) age limits? |
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Definition
a) ezyme replacement
b) 2 tabs or 1 packet 3-4 times/day not to exceed 2 days
c) no children<3 |
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Term
| Name 6 health conditions that cause constipation |
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Definition
GI disorders
Metabolic/endocrine disorders
pregnancy
neurogenic causes
psychogenic causes
drug induced |
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Term
| What laboratory tests should be done for constipation? |
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Definition
Thyroid function
colonoscopy
F&E imbalances |
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Term
T/F
Laxative may be used PRN |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the preferred recommendation for a person with IBD complaining of costipation for 3 days? |
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Definition
| Referred to a physician (IBD) |
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Term
| What nonpharmacologic tx is used for constipation? |
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Definition
Light exercise
Increase fruits, fiber, veggies, grains
adequate fluids
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Term
Which type of fiber dissolves easily in water and assumes a soft gel like structure in the intestines?
Give examples |
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Definition
Soluble fiber
Beans, Barley, Oat bran |
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Term
Which type of fiber passes through the intestines unchanged?
Give examples |
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Definition
Insoluble fiber
Wheat bran, prunes, raisins |
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Term
Docusate sodium
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) combinations?
d) Use for Opiod induced constipation?
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Definition
a) emollient laxative (stool softener)
b) 50-500mg/day in divided doses
c) often combined with a stimulant
d)Not good for opoid induced cons. |
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Term
Mineral Oil
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) special considerations?
d) Use for Opiod induced constipation? |
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Definition
a) Lubricant laxative
b) 30mL ONE TIME at bedtime
c) not absorber and oil excreted in the feces
d) not used for chronic therapy |
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Term
Bisacodyl
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) Use for Opiod induced constipation? |
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Definition
a) stimulant laxative
b) 5-15mg PO or rectally
c) Yes good for OIC
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Term
Senna
a) What is the MOA?
b) dosage and max?
c) special considerations?
d) Use for Opiod induced constipation? |
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Definition
a) Stimulant Laxative
b) 1 tab QD-BID
c) may add with docusate
d) Yes good for OIC |
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Term
What are the saline laxatives?
When are they generally used?
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Definition
Magnesium citrate
Sodium Phosphate
Magnesium Hydroxide
Short term, and rapid not used chronically |
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Term
What is the best hyperosmotic laxative?
What are the others?
Are they good for opiod induced constipation? |
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Definition
Lactulose (15-60mL PO) Q2hrs until BM
Sorbitol, Polyethelene Glycol
Very good for OIC |
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Term
What is the prokinetic agent used for constipation?
What is the dosage?
When is it used? |
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Definition
Metoclopramide
10-20 mg PO QID
After surgery |
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Term
| What Rx drug is approved for chronic idiopathic constipation? |
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Definition
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