Term
| What 2 types of connective tissue compose the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the flexible matrix found at the ends of the long bones, ends of the nose and outer ear, and is also found attaching ribs to the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an embryo's skeleton mainly composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the embryo go through that the calcium hardens the cartilage matrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does ossification begin and end? |
|
Definition
| begins at 6th week and ends in the late teens |
|
|
Term
| Does cartilage rot faster than bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are bones composed of? |
|
Definition
| living tissues, osteocytes, fat cells, blood vessels, and non-living materials |
|
|
Term
| How many bones does the human skeleton have after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After many of the bones fuse, how many bones is there now? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much do the bones account for when concerning bodily weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 principle divisions of the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the axial skeleton include? |
|
Definition
| skull, ribs, and spinal column |
|
|
Term
| How many bones are in the Axial? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the Appendicular include? |
|
Definition
| pelvic symphasis and scapulas |
|
|
Term
| How many bones are in the Appendicular? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bones are in the Pelvic Symphasis? |
|
Definition
| ilium, ischium, and the pubis |
|
|
Term
| What is the largest and longest bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the femur at maturity? What about width? |
|
Definition
50 cm. (20 in)
2.5 cm. (1 in) |
|
|
Term
| What is the smallest bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 tiny bone in the inner ear? |
|
Definition
| incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup), and maleus (hammer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bones are argued to be the hardest? |
|
Definition
| tooth, mandible, temporal |
|
|
Term
| What are the major functions of the skeletal system? |
|
Definition
1. Support the body, giving it shape.
2. Protect organs, create rigid framework.
3. Enable complex movement
4. blood cell production (homopoeisis)
5. Storage for minerals |
|
|
Term
| What minerals give our bones its firmness and strength? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is calcium needed for? |
|
Definition
| blood clotting, muscle contraction, and cell membrane permeation |
|
|
Term
| What is phosphorous required for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many red blood cells are produced every second? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 basic types of bones? |
|
Definition
| irregular, long, short, and flat |
|
|
Term
| What defines a bone to be a long bone? |
|
Definition
| it is longer than it is wide |
|
|
Term
| What is the main portion of the long bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the layer called that covers the shaft? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the periosteum responsible for? |
|
Definition
| muscle attachment and bone growth and repair |
|
|
Term
| What is the shaft made of? |
|
Definition
| compact bone that surround a hollow center called the marrow cavity |
|
|
Term
| What is the lining of the shaft called? |
|
Definition
| endosteum, which is also involved with bone growth and repair |
|
|
Term
| What is the shaft mostly filled with in young people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it reproduces red blood cells and other blood cells |
|
|
Term
| What replaces the red bone marrow in older people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is yellow bone marrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ends of the bones called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What covers the surface of the epiphyses? |
|
Definition
| a thin layer of smooth, bluish white articular cartilage, this allows fluid movement at the joints |
|
|
Term
| What is the epiphyseal plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the epiphyseal plate? |
|
Definition
| it lies between the shaft and each epiphyses |
|
|
Term
| What increases the length of the bone? |
|
Definition
| when the cartilage cells divide and lengthen the bone |
|
|
Term
| What do the cartilage cells nearest the epiphyses do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shape are the short bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are short bones mostly found? |
|
Definition
| ankles and wrists where they transfer forces |
|
|
Term
| What are some flat bones? |
|
Definition
| ribs and the top of the skull |
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of true ribs are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of false ribs are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs are there of floating ribs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cranial bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many facial bones are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bones give shape to the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determines the uniqueness of our features? |
|
Definition
| the size, shape, and density of our facial bones |
|
|
Term
| Which facial bones are the only ones that aren't paired? |
|
Definition
| the vomer and the mandible |
|
|
Term
| What are irregular shaped bones? |
|
Definition
| they have many surface features for muscle attachment and articulation |
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are in the cervical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are in the thoracic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are in the lumbar? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are in the sacral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many vertebrae are in the coccyx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 1st vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone allows you to say yes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone allows you to say no? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the smallest and densest vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebrae articulates with the ribs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae increase in size? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae supports the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age do the vertebrae in the sacrum fuse together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae articulates with the pelvis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the end of the spinal column called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebrae makes up the tailbone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are supernumerary bones? |
|
Definition
| bones that humans are normally not born with, but they develop at joints under stress. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a supernumerary bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it acts as a "shock absorber" and lubrication |
|
|
Term
| Where are bursas located? |
|
Definition
| between tendons, ligaments, and bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they are saclike structures that hold and produce synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
| What are strong bands of connective tissue that hold the bones in the joint in place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are fibrous attachments between bones and muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is synovial fluid similar to? |
|
Definition
| interstitial fluid, between cells |
|
|
Term
| What cells clean up tissue debris resulting from wear of the joint cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does articulation mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of joint makes up the bulk of the joints in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which joints allow multi-axial movement and provide a great range of motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a ball-and-socket joint? |
|
Definition
| there is a rounded convex surface of the bone that articulates with a cuplike cavity of the other bone. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of the ball-and-socket joint? |
|
Definition
| shoulder, hip, and from humerus to scapula |
|
|
Term
| Which joints allow movement in one plane? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of synovial joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where one bone is concave which articulates with another bone that is convex |
|
|
Term
| What type of joint moves up or down, or side to side, but not both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joint allows rotation around the central axis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where 1 bone is rounded and fits into the depression of another bone. |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a pivot joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What joint allows side-to-side and back-and-forth movement with slight rotation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the simplest type of joint movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a gliding joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a hinge joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly convex and concave |
|
|
Term
| What are slightly movable joints? |
|
Definition
| a joint where there is a pad of cartilage that permits limited movement |
|
|
Term
| Where are most of the slightly movable joints? |
|
Definition
| they connect to the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a slightly movable joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are immovable joints? |
|
Definition
| where the union must be rigid |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of immovable joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are the sutures in the skull formed at birth? |
|
Definition
| no, they fuse as you get older |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cracking or breaking of a bone |
|
|
Term
| What is a pathological fracture? |
|
Definition
| when the fracture is caused by a disease |
|
|
Term
| What are traumatic fractures? |
|
Definition
| fractures that are caused by injury |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between simple(closed) and compound(open) fractures? |
|
Definition
| simple dont break the skin, and complete fractures break through the skin |
|
|
Term
| What is a comminuted fracture? |
|
Definition
| where the bone is splintered at the site of impact in at least 3 pieces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a portion of the bone is torn off, in an open fracture where pieces of the bone are missing |
|
|
Term
| What is a spiral fracture? |
|
Definition
| when the fracture line twisted, it ends in a different plane than where the beginning was |
|
|
Term
| What is a transverse fracture? |
|
Definition
| the fracture line is perpendicular to the long axis of the bone (straight line) |
|
|
Term
| What is an oblique fracture? |
|
Definition
| the fracture occurs across the bone at an oblique angle to the axis (an angled fracture) |
|
|
Term
| What is a depressed fracture? |
|
Definition
| the broken portion is driven inward (pushed or smashed in) |
|
|
Term
| What is a segmental fracture? |
|
Definition
| it implies three or more fracture fragments in a single bone, however, the fracture lines do not interconnect |
|
|
Term
| What is a nondisplaced fracture? |
|
Definition
| when the fractured bone fragments remain in anatomical alignment |
|
|
Term
| what is the Type I classification of a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| there is small tissue laceration (<1 cm.), it is very clean, only stitch in 1 direction |
|
|
Term
| What is the Type II classification of a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| there is large tissue laceration (>1 cm.), the soft tissue trauma is mild, no flaps or avulsions, stitch in only 1 direction |
|
|
Term
| What is the Type IIIa classification for a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| there is soft tissue available for wound coverage, despite vast soft tissue lacerations or flaps or high-energy trauma |
|
|
Term
| What is the Type IIIb classification for a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| extensive soft tissue injury loss, periosteum is stripped away from the bone, and there is bone exposure |
|
|
Term
| What is the Type IIIc classification of a compound fracture? |
|
Definition
| arterial supply to the distal limb is damaged, there is arterial repair required, limb could be lost |
|
|
Term
| What is an incomplete (partial) fracture? |
|
Definition
| one side of the bone is cracked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the other side of the incomplete fracture is bowed |
|
|
Term
| What is a fissured fracture? |
|
Definition
| the bone is incompletely broken on the longitudinal axis |
|
|
Term
| What is an impacted fracture? |
|
Definition
| the end of the bone is driven into another |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 signs of fracture? |
|
Definition
1. tenderness
2. swelling and bruising
3. deformity
4. crepitus
5. exposed fragments
6. false motion
7. inability to use the limb |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 things that you do to heal the fracture? |
|
Definition
1. it must be set in proper alignment (traction)
2. immobilization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is done for the traction process? |
|
Definition
| weights are connected to the broken bone to keep tension on it |
|
|
Term
| When is traction necessary? |
|
Definition
| comminuted and impacted fractures |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for the humerus to heal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for the femur to heal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inflammation of a joint, accompanied by pain, and changes in joint structure |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 common types of Arthritis? |
|
Definition
| Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Gouty Arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease which disintegrates articular cartilage and deposits bony spurs on the exposed bone |
|
|
Term
| What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? |
|
Definition
| disease where the fibrous tissue grows into the joint cavity, and later the joint may completely ossify |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease which deposits excessive uric acid crystals on the joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation and thickening of the bursas of the joint in the great toe, resulting in enlargement and displacement of the toe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of a bursa, especially in 1 located between bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any number of deformities of the foot present at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary displacement of a bone from its joint |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a minor dislocation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a double-jointed joint? |
|
Definition
| a joint that is easily dislocated because the ligaments are abnormally long, that joint is very flexible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal flatness of the sole and arch of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| by stretching the ligaments of the joints of the tarsals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bone condition in which calcium is removed more rapidly than it is replaced |
|
|
Term
| What causes osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
| lack of exercise or low intake of calcium, vitamin d, and proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a general term for various conditions including arthritis, it is a soreness and stiffness of muscles and pain in the joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a disorder in infants where the bones become soft and the legs become bowed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deficiency in Vitamin D |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorder in which the central portion of the cartilaginous disc becomes flattened and protrudes outward, "slipped disc" |
|
|
Term
| What is spinal deformity? |
|
Definition
| an abnormal curvature of the spine |
|
|
Term
| What causes spinal deformity? |
|
Definition
| poor posture, injury, or disease |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of spinal deformity? |
|
Definition
| Scoliosis, Pot's Disease (Spinal Tuberculosis), and Spina Bifida (spinal column is outside of the body) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury of ligaments and tendons that causes pain and disability |
|
|
Term
| What is a trick knee (luxating patella)? |
|
Definition
| temporary dislocation of the patella usually due to a previous injury |
|
|
Term
| What is water on the knee? |
|
Definition
| a swelling of the knee in response to torn tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the process of water on the knee? |
|
Definition
| water from the blood moves into the joint cavity to dilute toxins and limit movement so that healing can progress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it was when a hole was drilled in the top of the skull to evacuate hemorrhages to relieve pressure from the cranial cavity caused by disease or trauma |
|
|
Term
| What bone gets broken when you are choked? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bone allows you to say "yes"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bone allows you to say "no"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the little bulbs across the magnum foramen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vertebrae articulates with the ribs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What articulates directly with the vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the sternum made out of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone sticks out of the sternum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the strongest and heaviest vertebrae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vertebrae articulates with the sacrum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pelvic symphasis? |
|
Definition
| ileum, ischeum, and pubis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of bones that work together as 1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 bones articulate with the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What articulates with the radius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What articulates with the elbow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are your wrist bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many metacarpals and metatarsals do you have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which finger has only 2 phalanges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joint is the femur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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