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aka GRISTLE.
a flexible matrix found at ends of long bones, nose, and outer ear.
it attaches the ribs to sternum |
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| calcium hardening the cartilage matrix; begins at the 6th week and stops in late teens. |
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| how many bones in human body? |
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| bones make up how much of our weight? |
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| 2 divisions of skeletal system |
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| how many bones in arms/legs division? |
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| how many bones in torso division? |
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| longest and largest bone? |
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| stirrup--> anvil, stirrup, maleus |
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| either tooth, mandible, or temporal bone (skull) |
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| Major functions of the skeletal system |
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1. supports body, giving it shape
2. provides protection for the organ systems
3. provides surface for atatchment of muscles and acts as levers enabling complex movement in association with muscular system
4. provides storage for minerals (esp. calcium and phosphorus)
5.produces blood cell production through the marrow |
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| long, short, flat, and irregular shaped |
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| bones that are longer than they are wide |
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layer of dense, white fibrous tissue that covers shaft (main part of long bone);
responsible for muscle attachment and for bone and growth repair |
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| hollow center surrounded by compact bone that makes up shaft |
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| lining of marrow cavity; also involved with bone growth and repair |
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| growth plate; lies between shaft and each epiphysis |
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| cube shaped bones that allow you to transfer forces (wrists and ankles) |
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| have broad surfaces for muscle attachment |
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| how many pairs of true ribs? |
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| how many pairs of false ribs? |
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| how many pairs of floating ribs? |
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| skull consists of how many cranial bones? how many facial bones? |
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| 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones |
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| what are only facial bones NOT paired? |
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| end of spinal column that spreads out (Latin for HORSE TAIL) |
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| bones that humans are normally not born with, but develop at joints that are under stress. (example: BUNIONS) ..not included in 206 count.. |
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| these joint capsules that lubricates the joint; "shock absorber" ; |
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saclike structures located between tendons, ligaments, and bones.
They are lined with synovial membranes (that make synovial fluid) ;
they are filled with FLUID that CUSHIONS and REDUCES friction between moving parts of joint |
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| connective tissue BONE TO BONE |
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| fibrous attachments BONE TO MUSCLE |
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| (fluid between cells)..rich in hyaluronic acid and albumin |
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| cleans up tissue debris resulting from wear on joint cartilages; (contained in interstitial fluid) |
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| 3 classifications of joints |
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| freely moving, slightly movable, immovable |
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| types of freely moving joints: |
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1. ball and socket
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. gliding |
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| cracking or breaking of bone or cartilage; also injures surrounding soft tissues |
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| results from disease that weakens bone |
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| MOST fractures; caused by injury |
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| CLOSED; pieces dont break through skin |
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| OPEN; bone is exposed through skin |
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| small laceration (<1 cm); clean |
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| large tissue laceration (>1 cm) ; no flap or avulsion |
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| soft tissue avaliable for wound coverage despite vast soft tissue laceration or flaps |
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| extensive soft tissue injury loss, periosteum stripped away from bone and bone exposure |
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| arterial supply to distal limb damaged, arterial repair required. |
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| bone is splintered at site of impact in at least 3 pieces..screws needed to fix it.. |
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| a portion of bone is torn off |
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| fracture line is perpendicular to long axis of bone |
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| fractures occurs across bone at oblique angle to axis |
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| broken portion is driven inward (skull fractures) |
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| also called multiple fracture; implies 3 OR MORE PIECES in single bone; however, fracture lines don't interconnect |
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| fractured bone fragments remain in anatomical alignment (HAIRLINE) |
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| incomplete or partial fracture |
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| GREEN STICK; one side of bone is cracked |
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| bone is incompletely broken on the longitudinal axis |
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| end of bone is driven into another |
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1. tenderness
2. swelling and bruising
3. deformity
4. crepitus (grinding noise or sensation)
5. exposed fragments
6. false motion
7. inability to use limb |
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(2 part)
1. SET IN PROPER ALIGNMENT (maybe traction..)
2. IMMOBILIZATION (plaster of Paris..) |
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| when your born with your spinal column protruding out of the body |
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| an injury of ligaments and tendons that causes pain and disability. |
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| (luxitating patella) .. temporary dislocation of patella usually due to a previous injury.. |
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| swelling of the knee in reponse to torn tissues. Water from the blood moves into the joint cavity to dilute toxins and limit movement so that healing can progress |
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| was/is performed to evacuate hemorrhages and to relieve pressure in cranial cavity caused by disease or trauma |
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| inflammation of a joint; accompanied with pain and frequently changes in joint structure.. your body thinks your breaking your bones.. |
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| disintegrates articular cartilage and deposits bony spurs on exposed bone, limiting mobility |
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| a disease in which the fibrous tissue grows into joint cavity; later the joint may completely ossify |
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| (GOUT); disease which deposits excessive uric acid crystals on the joints |
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| inflammation and thickening of bursas of the joint of great toe..usually resulting in enlargement of the joint and displacement of the toe |
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| inflammation of a bursa, esp. one located between bones and muscles or tendons as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints. |
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| any of a number of deformities of the foot present at birth |
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| temporary displacement of bone from its joint. "popping knuckles" .. |
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| abnormal flatness of sole and arch of foot, often caused by stretching the ligaments of the joints of the tarsals |
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| bone condition in which calcium is removed more rapidly than its replaced; common among elderly |
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| general term for various conditions including arthritis, soreness, and stiffness of muscles and pain in joints |
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| disorder in infants caused by a deficiency of vitamin D. Here the bones become soft, and legs may become bowed |
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| a disorder in which the central portion of the cartilaginous disc becomes flattened and protrudes outward... this condition is commonly known as "slipped disk" |
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| abnormal spinal curvature such as "humpback" condition and lateral curvature of the back, and may be caused by poor posture, injury, or disease. |
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| if you've been choked, this bone is broken.. |
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| little bulbs across magnum forum |
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| where vertebrae interacts with true ribs.. |
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| strongest and heaviest vertebrae |
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| 3,3,3,3,2 (great toe and thumb only have 2) |
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