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Osteology Ch 2
Bone Biology
31
Anthropology
Undergraduate 4
01/15/2011

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Cards

Term
Functions of Bone (5)
Definition
-protect and support tissue
-anchor muscle
-produce red blood cells
-store fat
-reservoir for minerals
Term
Sources of Skeletal Variation
Definition
-ontogeny
-sexual dimorphism
-geographic variation
-idiosyncratic variation
Term
Ontogeny
Definition
the growth of an individual during their lifetime
Term
Joint
Definition
connection between different skeletal elements
where bones articulate
Term
Types of Joints (3)
Definition
-synovial
-cartilagenous (synchondrosis)
-fibrous (syndesmosis)
-
Term
Synovial Joint
Definition
Flexible joint characterized by a joint capsule or a sac of connective tissue. The bones are covered by cartilage, connected by ligaments and the joint space is fluid filled.
Term
Synchondrosis
Cartilagenous Joint
Definition
A joint of limited flexibility in which bones are joined together by cartilage. An example would be the connection between the sternum and ribs.
Term
Syndesmosis
Fibrous Joint
Definition
Completely inflexible joint between bones united by a dense fibrous tissue. An example would be the joint connecting the tibia and fibula.
Term
Structural Components of Bone (2)
Definition
-compact (cortical)
-spongy (cancellous)
Term
Parts of Bone (5)
Definition
-Epiphysis
-Diaphysis
-Metaphysis
-Perioseum
-Endosteum
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Ends of long bones, what articulates at joints
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Shaft of the bone
Term
Metaphysis
Definition
the growth plate, the flared part of a long bone
Term
Periosteum
Definition
osteogenic membrane on outer surface of the bone that contains bone forming cells
Term
Endosteum
Definition
osteogenic tissue that occurs on the inside of the bone containing bone forming cells
Term
Bone is Made up of (2)
Definition
-90% protein in the form of collagen
-10% mineral(hydroxyapatite)
Term
Wolff's Law
Definition
Law of Bone Transformation
-bone is laid down where needed and resorbed where not needed
Term
Tendon
Definition
closely packed bundle of collagen fibers that act directly on bone via muscle(bone to muscle connection)
Term
Ligaments
Definition
bands or sheets of collagen that extend between bones (bone to bone connection)
Term
Coarsely Woven Bone
Definition
-first type of bone laid down in utero and at fracture sites
-immature bone that is laid down quickly
Term
Lamellar Bone
Definition
-typical adult bone
-made by uniform appositional growth
Term
Haversian System
Definition
a system of canals that allow nutrients to penetrate compact bone
Term
Haversian Lamellae
Definition
set of concentric rings made up of rings of collagen fibers oriented in opposite directions
Term
Haversian Canal
Definition
the hollow center (core) of each haversian system which allow blood, lymph and nerve fibers to penetrate compact bone
haversian canals are parallel to the surface of the long bone
Term
Volkmann's canals
Definition
a series of canals that pierce the bone tissue at a right angle to the surface of the compact bone. They connect haversian canals and create a network that provides nutrients to the bone.
Term
Lacuna (plural = Lacunae)
Definition
small cavities with in each lamella that house a living bone cell
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
a living bone cell (Is Bone)
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
minute fluid filled channels that radiate from the central haversian canal to the lacunae, or from one lacuna to another, that allow the osteocyte to survive in such a heavily mineralized environment
Term
Osteoblast
Definition
-bone forming cells responsible for synthesizing and depositing bone material. They make osteoid and deposit crystals of hydroxyapatite into it. Once the cell is surrounded by calcified tissue it is called an osteocyte. (Makes Bone)
Term
Osteoid
Definition
Pre-bone tissue made up of uncalcified organic tissue (mainly collagen)
Term
Osteoclasts
Definition
Responsible for resorption. (resprbs bone)
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