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Definition
| a group of blood vessels that supply nephrons in many excretory systems |
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Definition
| a steroid hormone that acts on tubeles of the kidney to regulate the transport of sodium ion and potassium ions |
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Definition
| a small, toxic molecules produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism |
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Definition
| a peptide hormone that stimulates constriction of precapillaries arterioles and increases reabsorption of NaCl and water by proximal tubules of kidney, increasing blood pressure and volume. |
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Definition
| a dormant state involving loss of almost all body water. |
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Term
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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Definition
| a peptide hormone, also called vasopressin, that promotes water retension by the kidneys. Produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary, ADH also functions in the brain. |
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Definition
| a channel protein in a cellular membrane that specifically facilitates osmosis, the diffusion of free water across the membrane |
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Term
| atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
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Definition
| a peptide hormone secreted by cells of the atria of the heart in response to high blood pressure. ANP's effects on the kidney alter ion and water movement and reduce bloo pressure |
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Definition
| a cup-shaped receptacle in the vertabrate kidney that is the initial, expanded segment of the nephron, where filtrate enters from the blood. |
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Definition
| the location in the kidney where processed filtrate, called urine, is collected from the renal tubules |
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Definition
| in mammals and birds, a nephron with a loop of Henle located almost entirely in the renal cortex. |
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Term
| countercurrent multiplier system |
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Definition
| a counter current system in which energy is expended in active transport to facilitate exchange of materials and generate concentration gradients. |
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Definition
| in the vertebrate kidney,the portion of the neuphron that helps refine filtrates and empties it into a collecting duct |
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Definition
| blood vessels that are part of the urinary tract of organisms |
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Definition
| organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinitoes |
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Definition
| the disposal of nitrogen-containing metabolites and other waste products. |
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Definition
| cell-free fluid extracted from the body fluid by the excretory system |
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Definition
| in excretory systems, the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from the body fluid. |
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Definition
| a ball of capillaries surrunded by Bowman's Capsule in the nephron and serving as a site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney. |
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Definition
| the ventral part of the vertabrate forebrain; function in maintaining homeostasis, especially in coordinating the endocrine and nervous systems; secretes hormones of the posterior pituitary and releasing factors that regulate the anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of a cell |
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Term
| juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) |
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Definition
| a specialized tissue in nephron that releases enzyme renin in response to a drop blood pressure or volume |
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Definition
| in mammals and birds, a nephron with a loop of Henle that extends far into the renal medulla |
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Definition
| the hairpin turn, with a decending and ascending limb, between the proximal and distal tubules of the vertebrate kidney; functions in water and salt reabsorption. |
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Definition
| a unique extrory organ of insects that empties into the digestive tract, removes nitrogenous wastes from the hemolymph, and functions in osmoregulation. |
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Definition
| the tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney |
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Definition
| an animal that is isosmotic with its environment |
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Term
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Definition
| solute concentration expressed as molarity |
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Term
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Definition
| regulation of solute concentrations and water balance by a cell or organism |
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Definition
| an animal that controls its internat osmolaruty independent of the external environment |
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Definition
| one of the tiny blood vessels that form a network surrounding the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney |
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Definition
| an endocrine gland at the base of the hypothalamus, consists of a posterior lobe, which stores and releases two hormones produced by the hypothalamus, and an anterior lobe, which produces and secretes many hormones that regulate diverse body functions |
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Definition
| an excretory system, such as the flame bulb system of flatworms,consisting of a network of tubules lacking internal opening |
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Definition
| in the vertebrate kidney, the portion of a nephron immediately down-stream from Bowman's capsule that conveys and helps refine filtrate |
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Definition
| one of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membrane ring. Adenine and guanine are purines |
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Definition
| in excretory systems, the recovery of solutes and water from filtrate |
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Definition
| normally arise off the side of the abdominal aorta, immediately below the superior mesenteric artery, and supply the kidneys with blood. |
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Definition
| the outer portionof the vertebrate kidney |
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Definition
| the inner portion of the vertebrate kidney, beneath the renal cortex |
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Definition
| the funnel-shaped chamber that receives processed filtrate from the vertebrate kidney's collection ducts and is drained by the ureter. |
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Term
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Definition
| veins that drain the kidneys[image] |
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Term
| renin-angiotenssin-aldosterone system (RAAS) |
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Definition
| a hormone cascade pathway that helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume |
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Term
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Definition
1. the dischange of molecules synthesized by a cell.
2. the active transport of wastes and certain other solutes from the body fluid into the filtrate in a excretory system. |
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Definition
| describes an organism, usually fish, that cannot tolerate a wide fluctuation in the salinity of water |
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Definition
| one or more layer of specialized epithelial cells that carry out and regulate solute movement |
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Definition
| a soluble notrogenous waste produced in the liver by the metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
| aduct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
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Definition
| a tube that releases urine from the mammalian body near the vagina in females and through the penis in males, also serves as the reproductive system in males. |
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Definition
| a product of protein and purine metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product of insect, land snails and, many reptiles. nontoxic and largely insoluable in water |
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Definition
| the pouch where urine is stored prior in eliminationuri |
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Definition
| the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of Henle |
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