Available in several versions: “bound” version (updated yearly) and the “loose-leaf” versions (updated monthly) Prescription and nonprescription drugs

Comparison tables of the same pharmacologic class Excellent sources of general information about pharmaceuticals: dosing, therapeutic use, contraindications, precautions, pharmacokinetics, side effects, drug interactions, and route of administration Canadian drugs

Published yearly

Compilation of package insert/product information brochures

Prescription drugs only;

not necessarily comprehensive

Official information: FDA approved indications, contraindications and warnings

Three separate indices: by manufacturer (contains phone numbers), by brand and generic name, and by category

Other information: A color product identification guide arranged by manufacturer

A list of products discontinued in the past year

FDA telephone directory

Keys to Controlled Substance Categories

FDA Use-in-Pregnancy Ratings

Drug Information Centers

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting forms

Hardcopy, CD-ROM, PDA

• tertiary resource
• A comprehensive compilation of drug monographs arranged by therapeutic classification
• comparable to Facts and Comparisons but has more detailed monographs
• FDA-approved drugs
• Non-FDA approved indications
• Hard copy, CD-ROM, PDA and on-line
• Online via: STAT!Ref-AHFS

USP DI

Volume 1

Volume 1-Information for Health Care Professional

• FDA approved and off-label indications
• information on veterinary drugs and OTC diagnositc agents 

USP DI

Volume 2

Advice for the Patient

• Drug information in lay language

USP DI

Volume 3

Volume 3-Approved Drug Products and Legal Requirements

• FDA orange book, therapeutic equivalent products, discontinued drugs

Micromedex

indexing database that provides access to full-text tertiary literature

combination of a variety of information resources

• Drugdex
• poisindex
• USP DI
• Identidex
• PDR
• AHFS

Summary and complete drug information

Drug interaction information

Drug identification and toxicology information

On-line PDA

• comprehensive drug database including:
  • drug overviews
  • drug interactions
  • adverse reactions
  • canadian brand names
  • dosing
  • FDA special alerts
  • medication safety issues
  • pharmacodynamics/kinetics
  • drug identification
  • IV compatibility
  • patient educational packet (English, Spanish, Japanese, etc)
• online via Lexi-comp

• summary of information available for dietary supplements and herbal products
  • mechanism of action
  • safety
  • efficacy
  • dosing
• rates relative safety and efficacy of products
• online and text form
  • online version->check drug interactions and product efficacy for specific disease state
  • online can also print patient handouts for products
• updated annually
• drug interactions online information updated as they are identified
• online TTUHSC databases-Natural Medicines

• highly detailed monographs
  • drug use during pregnancy
  • nursing mother
• during pregnany most difficult time to predict safe administration is during the first trimester
  • facial features, internal organs, limbs developing in fetus
  • some drugs may effect the processes->birth defects
  • ex cleft lip babies whose mothers received phenytoin
  • flipper babies->thalidomide
• lactation
  • appearance of drug in milk means essentially dosing two patients
  • info concerning drugs in breast milk is scarce
• Briggs one of the only sources of information concerning drug exposure in infants and neonates and it should be consulted prior to giving a drug information request on this topic
• online TTUHSC Online books-Books@Ovid

• quick and accurate assessments of the compatibility of various solutions and additives with a given parenteral drug
• each drug monograph
  • list of trade names
  • product information, including sizes, strengths, volumes, and forms in which supplied
  • administration guidelines
  • storage requirements
  • compatibility information
• information on stability of drugs in relation to
  • temperature
  • pH
  • exposure to ligh
• compatibility
  • in various solutions
  • in combination with other drugs
• online TTUHSC Online Books-STAT!Ref

stability

find in Trissels Handbook on Injectable Drugs

compatibility

Trissels

salting out.

very dangerous.

Trissels

temperature, concentration, UV light exposure, pH

Most important factors to consider are often pH and concentration

higher concentrations

acid salt.

i.e. Vancomycin HCl, fentanyl citrate, bretylium tosylate.

sodium hydroxide with a cation salt.

Ex: Penicillin G Potassium.  Ampicillin Sodium.  Amobarbital Sodium.

• drug indentification reference book
• brand names and generic names from United States and Canada
• ID drugs by looking at
  • the code imprinted on the front/back of the tablet/capsule
  • description of the front/back of the tablet/capsule
  • ingredient and strength
  • brand name
  • NDC
• Drug Enforcement Administration scheule of narcotics or schedules and class of drug
• online TTUHSC Databases via Natural Medicines

• published in loose-leaf
• updated quarterly
• drug-drug and drug-food interactions
• indexed by
  • generic
  • class
  • & trade names
• evaluates and rates the interactions
• includes mechanisms of interactions
• recommendations for management of interactions

• one of the main texts utilized for therapeutics in many colleges of pharmacy
• management of variety of diseases
• each disease state includes
  • epidemiology
  • etiology
  • pathophysiology
  • clinical presentation
  • drug treatment
• drug therapy is the primary focus
• accompanying casebook and handbook
• online TTUHSC Online Books-Accesspharmacy

• resource contains
  • drug pricing
  • manufacturer
  • generic equivalencene ratings
  • manufacturer contact information
  • other reference materials
• published yearly
• widely available in pharamacies

• original papers, published or unpublished studies (or reports)
• current, complete, detailed
• time consuming, missing conflicting evidence
• examples of where to find:
  • N Eng J Med
  • JAMA
  • Pharmcotherapy

• indexing
• abstracting
• rapid access to specific topic
• but there is lag time
• examples: Med-line, Pub-Med, Micromedex

• text books, full-text computer databases, review articles, others (PDA, on-line, CD, etc)
• easy to use
• lacks detail
• out-date information
• Example-information found within micromedex (bc micromedex itself is actually a secondary source), lexi-comp, PDR, mega resources: MD consult, Stat Ref