Term
| What are the 5 classifications of bones? |
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Definition
- long bones
- short bones
- sesamoid bones
- flat bones
- irregular bones
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Term
| How many bones in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the shaft of a long bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call the ends of a long bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the external layer of bone |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of bone tissue? |
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Definition
- cancellous bone
- compact bone
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Term
| The clavicle and femur are examples of _________ bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| The bones of the hands and feet are examples of _______ bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| The patella is an example of a ________ bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ribs are examples of _______ bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| The vertebrae and skull bones are examples of _________ bones. |
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Definition
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Term
What type of bone landmark is this?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a ridge of bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a knuckle-shaped portion of a bone? (associated with a joint) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a cavity within a bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a groove in a bone? |
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Definition
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Term
- What is a tubercle?
- What is a tuberosity?
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Definition
- a small, rounded projection
- a large, rounded projection
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Term
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Definition
| a rounded orifice in a bone for the passage of blood vessels and nerves |
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Term
| What is striated muscle and what is another name for it? |
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Definition
| muscle that is under voluntary control (such as to move a leg); AKA - skeletal muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| muscle that is involuntary (such as the muscles found in internal organs) |
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Term
| What is different about cardiac muscle? |
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Definition
| It is striated, but is involuntary. |
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Term
| How are joints classified? |
|
Definition
- synarthrosis (no movement)
- amphiarthrosis (slight movement)
- diarthrosis (moves freely)
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Term
| What are the 4 types of joint movements? |
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Definition
- gliding
- angular
- rotation
- circumduction
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Term
| What is the difference between a synovial joint and a nonsynovial joint? |
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Definition
Synovial joints move freely and contain synovial fluid.
Nonsynovial joints are immovable or have limited movement. |
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Term
What kind of diagnostic test is used to determine the cause of unexplained joint pain?
(it involves placing a needle into the joint and placing contrast into the joint space to be x-rayed) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an EMG and what does it do? |
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Definition
Electromyography
It records and analyzes the electrical activity in the muscle |
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Term
| What is another name for an orthopedic table? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can a pneumatic tourniquet be left on a limb? |
|
Definition
| 1 hour for an upper extremity and 1.5-2 hours for a lower extremity |
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Term
| How long does a pneumatic tourniquet need to be deflated before being used for a second time on a patient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to remove blood from a limb prior to cuff inflation? |
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Definition
| Esmarch bandage and gravity |
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Term
| What kind of air powers an air-powered rotary drill? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you need to have ready when a rotary drill is being used? |
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Definition
| A bulb syringe with saline |
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Term
| What do you call a saw that cuts from side to side? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do you call a saw that cuts in and out? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| a condition of increased resting pressure in a contained compartment |
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Term
| What happens when a patient is diagnosed with compartment syndrome? |
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Definition
| It requires immediate surgery (a fasciotomy) to the specific compartment |
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Term
| Describe a simple fracture. |
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Definition
a fracture in which there is a single fracture line
(requires a closed reduction and cast or splint) |
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Term
| Describe a comminuted fracture. |
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Definition
A fracture that consists of multiple bone fragments and fracture lines.
(requires or ORIF or external fixation) |
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Term
| Describe an open (or compound) fracture. |
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Definition
A fracture in which the bone fragments protrude through the skin.
(can require ORIF, debridement, skin grafts, and delayed closure) |
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Term
| Describe a greenstick fracture. |
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Definition
Primarily pediatric fractures where the bones are resilient and covered with a durable, tough periosteum. The bones bend rather than break.
(requires ORIF or closed reduction and casting) |
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Term
| Describe a pathologic fracture. |
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Definition
A fracture caused by disease.
(requires ORIF or IM rodding) |
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Term
| Describe an impacted fracture. |
|
Definition
A fracture caused by violent impact along the longitudinal axis of a bone.
(requires an ORIF) |
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Term
| Describe a spiral fracture. |
|
Definition
A fracture that results from the twisting or torquing of a bone.
(requires an ORIF) |
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Term
| What kind of fracture is an emergency? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What do you call "externally placing a bone in its anatomical position"? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| open reduction internal fixation |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 types of traction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulling on a fractured bone is overcome muscle spasms |
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Term
| What is the difference between a closed reduction and a closed reduction external fixation? |
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Definition
| A bone is simply put in place with a closed reduction, and it is held in place with pins and screws in a external fixation. |
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Term
| What would be inserted across two small bone fragments, such as those of the hand or ankle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are nails and rods used? |
|
Definition
| to span the longitudinal axis of the humerus, femur, or tibial shaft |
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Term
| What 2 materials are nails and rods made of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What does IM (nailing) stand for? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are used to span the surface of two large bone fragments? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the 2 types of screws? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the size difference between the drill bit and the screw that will be used? |
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Definition
| The drill bit needs to be one size smaller than the screw diameter. |
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Term
| Describe the 7 steps of an ORIF. |
|
Definition
- skin incision is made over fracture
- fracture is reduced
- surgeon picks appropriate plate
- a hole is drilled with a drill guide
- hole is measured with a depth gauge is determine screw length
- hole is tapped
- hardware is inserted
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Term
| In whom are pelvic fractures most common? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the major cause of pelvic fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What joint is more likely to be injured than an other part of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first thing that is checked when doing a knee arthroscopy? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior cruciate ligament |
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|
Term
| In whom are ACL tears more common? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are the 3 parts of the total knee hardware? |
|
Definition
- the femoral component
- the spacer
- the tibial component
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Term
| What subcutaneous suture is used for a total knee replacement? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How many bones are in the foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 bones form the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
- ankle bone
- distal tibia
- fibula
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Term
| Where are the 2 incisions made for an ankle arthroscopy? |
|
Definition
- anteromedial (for cannula and scope)
- anterolateral (for port and instruments)
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Term
| What surgery replaces the ankle joint? |
|
Definition
| A total ankle arthroplasty |
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|
Term
| What was used to treat ankle osteoarthritis before arthroplasty came along? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the failure rate of a total ankle arthroplasty? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What do you call the surgical repair of a tendon? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What are the 2 types of tenorrhaphies?
And which is the most common? |
|
Definition
- Z-plasty (most common)
- U-plasty
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Term
| What is the largest tendon in the body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What position is a patient in to have an achilles tendon repair? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What type of instrument is this?
[image] |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What type of suture would be used to repair a torn achilles tendon? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is used when a ruptured achilles tendon cannot be sutured back together? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 things that done during a bunionectomy? |
|
Definition
- bunion is removed
- toe is realigned
- muscles and joint are balanced
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|
|
Term
| What is the medical term for a bunion? |
|
Definition
Hallux valgus
(hallux means "big toe" and valgus means "away from midline") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in which a toe has contracted at the PIP joint (middle joint in toe) |
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|
Term
| What is a triple arthrodesis? |
|
Definition
| fusion of the subtalar, calcaneocubiod, and talonavicular joints |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of a triple arthrodesis? |
|
Definition
| reduce pain due to forefoot or hindfoot |
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|
Term
| What 3 bones make up the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 joints in the shoulder? |
|
Definition
- Glenohumeral joint (main joint)
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Scapulothoracic joint
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|
Term
| What 4 muscles are involved in the movement of the rotator cuff? |
|
Definition
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
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|
|
Term
| What position is a patient in for a shoulder arthroscopy? |
|
Definition
| beach chair position with the torso raised to 70 degrees |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of rotator cuff repairs? |
|
Definition
- arthroscopic
- mini-open
- open
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|
|
Term
| What is the main disadvantage to having a total shoulder repair? |
|
Definition
| recovery is very difficult |
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|
Term
| What kind of joint is in the hip? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is removed during a total hip? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 bones are involved in a total hip repair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many bones are in the hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medical term for the front of your hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the medical term for the back of your hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 nerves run into the hand? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is a Dupuytren's contracture? |
|
Definition
| a condition in which the fascia of the palm or fingers contracts |
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|
Term
| What is an MCP joint arthroplasty? |
|
Definition
| repair of the metacarpophalangeal joints in the hand |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| below the knee amputation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| above the knee amputation |
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|
Term
| Concerning the patient, what is extremely important to remember during an amputation? |
|
Definition
| not to let the patient see the removed limb |
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