Term
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Definition
| 1)lamellar 2) immature and pathologic |
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Term
| types of lamellar bone (normal bone) |
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Definition
| 1) cortical 2) cancellous |
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Term
| immature and pathologic bone |
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Definition
Woven
More random with more osteocytes than lamellar bone
Increased turnover rate
Weaker and more flexible than lamellar bone
Not stress oriented |
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Term
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Definition
| Compact bone- Composed of tightly packed osteons or haversian systems connected by haversion canal. Slow turnover rate |
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Term
| Which bone makes up 80% of skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| which bone has higher resistance to torsion and bending |
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Definition
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Term
| Cancellous bone (spongy bone) |
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Definition
Less dense than cortical bone
Undergoes more remodeling according to the lines of stress (Wolff’s law)
Higher turnover rate than cortical bone
More elastic than cortical bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| collagen formed by osteolblasts? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what types of cells make up 90% of cells in mature bone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| osteoblasts arise from. Line haversion canals, endosteum, and periosteum awaiting the stimulus to differentiate |
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Term
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Definition
| Resting osteoblasts that form an “envelope around bone”, inactive osteoblasts. They cover all of the available bone surface and function as a barrier for certain ions. |
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Term
| percentage of organic and inorganic components of bone matrix |
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Definition
organic- 40%
inorganic- 60% |
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Term
| Bone matrix organic components |
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Definition
Primarily type I collagen (cross linking decreases collagen solubility → ↑ tensile strength)
Proteoglycans
Matrix proteins (noncollagenous)
Growth factors and cytokines |
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Term
| Bone matrix inorganic components |
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Definition
Calcium hydroxyapatite
Calcium phosphate |
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Term
| pizoelectric charges- compression side |
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Definition
| electronegative stimulating osteoblasts (formation) |
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Term
| pizoelectric charges- tensions side |
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Definition
| electropositive stimulates osteoclasts (resorption) |
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Term
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Definition
| Suggests mechanical factors can influence longitudinal growth, bone remodeling, and fracture repair |
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Term
| Volkmans law- compression forces vs tensile forces |
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Definition
| Compressive forces inhibit growth, tensile forces stimulate growth |
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Term
| Bone remodeling- cortical bone |
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Definition
| Remodels by osteoclastic tunneling, f/b layering of osteoblasts and successive deposition of layers of lamellae |
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Term
| bone remodeling- cancellous |
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Definition
| Remodels by osteoclastic resorption f/b osteoblasts laying down new bone |
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Term
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Definition
| bone receives 5-10% of cardiac output |
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Term
| 3 sources of long bone blood supply |
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Definition
1)nutrient arteries (2/3 of cortex and medullary cavity)
2)metaphyseal- epiphyseal system (ends of bones)
3) periostal system (capillaries that supply |
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Term
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Definition
| centrifugal in normal to mature bone (inside to outside) |
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Term
| if endosteal system (nutrient) is disrupted in fx what happens to blood flow |
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Definition
| blood flow reversed (outside to inside) |
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Term
| most important factor in fx healing |
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Definition
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Term
| factors with negative effect on fx healing |
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Definition
| smoking, diabetes, advanced age, nutrients, NSAIDS |
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Term
| effects of smoking on healing |
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Definition
Nicotine increases time to fracture healing, increases risk of nonunion (esp tibia), and decreases strength of the fracture callus
Increases risk of pseudarthrosis after lumbar fusion by up to 500% |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation, repair, remodeling |
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Term
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Definition
bleeding --> hematoma --> hemopoteic cells secrete growth factors
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, osteoprogentior cells --> granulation forms around fx ends --> osteoblasts proliferate |
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Term
| repair- primary callus response occurs when? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when bone ends are not in continuity bridging (soft) callus occurs then replaced by hard callus (woven bone) |
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Term
| how is soft callus replaces with hard callus |
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Definition
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Term
| remodeling phase occurs when? |
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Definition
| during middle of repair stage and can last up to 7 years |
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Term
| what occurs during remodeling? |
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Definition
Allows bone to assume normal configuration and shape
Woven bone is replaced with lamellar bone |
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Term
| what effect does rigid fixation have on repair stage? |
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Definition
| minimizes or eliminates repair stage |
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Term
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Definition
| length is < diameter of bone |
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Term
| how is a stress riser produced surgically |
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Definition
| when small piece of bone is removed or screw inserted |
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Term
| stress riser effect on bone strength |
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Definition
| reduced because stress is not evenly distributed, particularly marked with torsion l loading (gone when healing complete)↓ up to 60% |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Discontinuity in bone caused by surgical removal of bone longer than bone’s diameter
Outer surface of bone x-section is no longer continuous |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) cortical 2) cancellous 3) synthetic |
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Term
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Definition
| does not penetrate the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| unique to children, fx may be difficult to see on x ray, reduced under anesthesia or dr may complete the fx |
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Term
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Definition
| unique to children- partial fx with part of the bone intact |
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Term
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Definition
one type of incomplete fracture in bones. It is caused by "unusual or repeated stress“
It could be described as a very small sliver or crack in the bone;[2] this is why it is sometimes dubbed "hairline fracture". It typically occurs in weight-bearing bones, such as the tibia (bone of the lower leg) and metatarsals (bones of the foot). |
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Term
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Definition
Tibia 49%
Tarsals 25%
Metatarsals 8.8%
Femur 7.2%
Fibula 6.6%
Pelvis 1.6%
Sesamoids 0.9% |
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Term
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Definition
| An avulsion fracture is an injury to the bone in a place where a tendon or ligament attaches to the bone. When an avulsion fracture occurs, the tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of the bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fracture in which bone is broken, splintered or crushed into a number of pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| (also called a torsion fracture) is a bone fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs oblique to the axis of the bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| physis fx (pure epiphyseal seperation). if non displaced effusion may be the only sign |
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Term
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Definition
| metaphysis and physis (metaphyseal fx and epiphyseal seperation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| vertically oriented from epiphyseal to metaphyseal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most common salter harris fx |
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Definition
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Term
| best and worst salter harris fx |
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Definition
Type I- best
Type V- worst |
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Term
| best imaging for soft tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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