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| Rectrices, Primaries, Secondaries |
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| Unihemispheric Halfwave Sleep |
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| When birds shut down half of their brain, one eye still open, and sleep while flying. |
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| Enlarged thickened hind toe. |
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| produced the Howard & Moore System: a checklist of all the birds of the world. |
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| Wealthy man, wrote accounts for known history and taxonomy of birds in NA (not very scientific, some errors) |
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| Events that happened in the past |
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| Events that happened in ones life |
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| Was asked to update Bent's life histories, but didn't finished |
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| Wrote complete set of life histories for birds of NA (BNA accounts) Each chapter written by professionals and edited by Poole & Gill. |
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| Wrote "Wisconsin Birdlife" |
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| Updated Robbins' book: Atlas of breeding birds of WI |
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| Wrote "The Rise of Birds" (ancestral History) |
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| (Acoustic Communication in birds) Put out a multivolume set of coustic communication vocalizations. |
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| husband and wife, wrote a book about nesting. |
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| Ornithological Societys of North America: lobbies and influences legislatures. |
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| "Father of Scientific Ornithology" |
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| Raptor Management techniques Manual |
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| Produced very scientific/technical to be used by scientists to identify species. |
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| toe arrangement with three toes out front and one in back. Most common arrangement. |
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| toe arrangement with two toes on both the front and back. (Woodpecker) |
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| toe arrangement with three toes in front, one in back. Toes in front are fused together. (Kingfisher) |
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| toe arrangement where all toes face forward. (swift) |
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| tarsal covered in feathers (owl) |
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| Tarsal covered in polygon scales that don't overlap. (goose) |
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| Tarsal covered in overlapping scales like shingles. (sparrow) |
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| tarsal covered in on big long scale. (thrush) |
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| feathers with well ordered predictable filaments, asymmetrical, flight feathers. |
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| feathers lacking support, used to trap air and create insulation. |
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| area on body where feathers don't grow |
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| area on body where feathers grow. |
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| filaments coming off of the main feather vane |
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| filaments coming off of the ramus |
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| little hooks that come off of distal barbules to hold ramus together. |
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| gland near base of tail on birds back that excretes oils that birds use to preen and make feathers waterproof. |
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| biggest muscle on bird. attached to the humerus and sternum, works the downstroke. |
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| Attached more dorsally to humerus, works the opening of the wings. |
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| DNA Hybridization, no need to look at phenotypes to order birds |
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| In which orders are birds able to walk upon hatching out? |
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| Galliformes & Anseriformes |
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| Males-beautiful, females-drab |
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| Dorsal Ventral Compressed bills |
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Definition
compressed flat bills like a duck
EX:Anseriformes |
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| laterally compressed bills |
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| Compressed bills, like a loon |
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| When birds are attracted to a nest site which is not conducive for successful reproduction over time. |
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| To be and Ecological Trap it must have: |
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| Habitat preference, Reproduction, Survival. |
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| "First Bird" Fossil found in Solnhofn Mine in Germany. |
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| Animals look the same because they move and live in a similar manner. |
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| Sorting out relationships based on similar characteristics. |
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| Founder of the International Crane Foundation |
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| Functional Ecology 2012, degree of salinity will influence the size of the salt gland |
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| Studied scrub Jays and Cooperative Breeding |
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| John Wein's wife, said habitat is changing so much, birds can no evolve quickly enough: Ecological traps |
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| "Frontiers in Ecology" .... they doubted Beatrice |
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| Do ecological traps really exist? wrote 5 papers |
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| Did not include the four necessary parts in his paper about that must be included when referring to ecological traps |
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| Birds are descendants of dinosaurs |
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| Birds followed seperate lines but were not descendants of dinosaurs, but closer related to crocodiles. |
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| Macroecological patterns, explain variation in species richness. |
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| Studied how parent grebes can listen to their embryos in the eggs. |
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| Summarized and linked bird and dinosaur ancestry in the naturwissenshaften Journal. |
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| Found Protoavis "First Bird" which predates Archeopterux by 100 mill years, but it was a very poor and incomplete skeleton |
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| Body structures that occur in therapods and birds |
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Fercula
uncinate process
retroverted pubis
pygostyle
feathers |
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| Estimated cell size of dinosaurs from bones that positively correlated with genome size. Both birds and dinosaurs have small genomes |
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| Author of our book. Says recent studies support dinosaur ancestry of birds. formation of eggshells is the same, and 23 of the 47 skeletal features of the hand are shared. |
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| Paleo Ornithologist. Studies the origin of birds, Abandon the debate of therapod origin. |
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| Cladists. They studied the claws of birds and determined they were arboreal. Not enough evidence to suggest modern birds came from archeopterux. |
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