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Definition
found in only some birds; the rachis of some body feathers split at the calamus to create two shafts
function in insulation in many birds (e.g., in pheasants) |
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Definition
| aggressive behavior, usually includes some ritualized components (e.g., threat and appeasement displays) |
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Definition
| non-vascularized extensions of the lungs |
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Definition
| total absence of pigment; pink eyes as a result of lack of pigment there |
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Definition
| (founder of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology; first professor of ornithology, first half of 20th century) |
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Definition
| populations do not overlap in their distribution |
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Definition
| Mutual preening between two birds |
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Definition
| the plumage acquired by the partial spring molt |
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Definition
| Dark-eyed Junco, ptarmigan in mountains. |
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Definition
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Definition
| bastard wing/ feathers attached to the thumb bone |
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| American Ornithologists' Union |
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Definition
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| American Ornithology (book; Who wrote it?) |
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Definition
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Definition
| having the first toe directed backwards and the other three toes directed forwards |
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Definition
| birds rub insects on their feathers, usually ants, which secrete liquids containing chemicals |
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Definition
| a specialized type of duetting in which two or more birds sing alternately (Carolina Wrens do this) |
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| AOU checklist of North American Birds |
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Definition
the most important scientific ornithological organization in the Americas and one of the most important ornithological organizations in the world
gives scientific name and common name |
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Definition
| bare area between feathers |
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Definition
migration stopped by bad weather
ex. arrival of a cold front during migration |
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Definition
| length /width of the wing |
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Term
| asynchronous hatching (What is it? What is the adaptive value of asynchronous hatching?) |
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Definition
hatching days apart
older ones will survive younger won't if food shortage |
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Definition
| drawing American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats. |
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Definition
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Definition
| lateral branches off the rachis |
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Definition
| lateral branches off the barbs that may have hook-like structures |
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Definition
| feathers bird has throughout the year |
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Definition
| (why mockingbirds mock): to fool birds of the species mimicked into thinking that the territory is occupied and that they should move on -- thus leaving food and other resources to the bird doing the mimicking. |
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Definition
soaking belly in water to cool off
drip on eggs
purple martins |
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Definition
an american ornithologist
Life Histories of North American Birds, published 1919-1968 |
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Term
| Life Histories of North American Birds |
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Definition
| encyclopedia by Arthur Bent |
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Term
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Definition
| within a species or among closely related species, body size increases with increasing latitude (away from the equator) as a result of colder climates. This is seen as an adaptation for conserving body heat. As body size increases, the animal has relatively less surface area per volume. |
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Definition
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Definition
| An optical instrument with a lens for each eye, used for viewing distant objects. |
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Definition
| eagles... both eyes used together |
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Definition
| area of animal and plant distribution having similar or shared characteristics throughout. |
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Definition
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Definition
John James Audubon
life size prints |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| sounds produced by release of air from esophageal pouches of prairie chickens |
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Definition
| due to reduction in size by event such as fire, earthquake |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| dropping eggs in others nest |
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Definition
patch of featherless skin that is visible on the underside of birds during the nesting season.
well supplied with blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| give red, yellow, orange color |
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Term
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Definition
| navigation using sun, moon, stars |
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Term
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Definition
| A waxy protuberance at the base of the upper beak in certain birds. |
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Term
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Definition
| continuation of the inner shell membrane that connects the yolk with the inner shell membrane and holds it suspended in the center of the egg |
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Term
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Definition
| differences may develop in bill size, body size, or some other physical characteristic, such that the birds begin to use different resources. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| A gradual change in a character or feature across the distributional range of a species |
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Definition
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Definition
| a multi-purpose opening: waste is expelled through it, birds mate by joining cloaca, and females lay eggs from it |
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Term
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Definition
are ones in which the presence or absence of species in the community are dependent on which other species are already present.
For example, secondary cavity nesters are often dependent on the presence of primary cavity nesters for their nest sites. |
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Term
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Definition
| the total set of eggs produced by a female during one reproductive effort |
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Term
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Definition
| coating on lenses to protect the eyes from sun glare |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| competitive exclusion principle |
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Definition
| no two species can occupy the same niche |
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Term
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Definition
| is direct aggression between individuals that prevents one individual from using a resource while benefitting the other individual |
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Term
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Definition
| is an indirect competition where one individual or species uses up a resource or destroys a resource so another doesn’t have access |
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Term
| Intraspecific competition is competition within a species |
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Definition
| interspecific competition is competition between species. |
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Definition
| journal Cooper Ornithological Society |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of the outermost feathers of a bird, forming the visible body contour and plumage. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| is a social system in which individuals contribute care to offspring that are not their own at the expense of their own reproduction. |
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Definition
| To engage in coitus or sexual intercourse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Navigation abilities of birds |
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Term
| Cornell lab of ornithology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| light on bottom, dark on top |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
predetermined genetically and almost always the same;
e.g., Killdeer normally lay 4 eggs |
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Term
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Definition
clutch size varies from one reproductive effort to another and may be related to health, age, diet, or whatever number of eggs feels right
yellow shafted flickers |
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Term
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Definition
| in many species the sexes or different age groups within a species have slightly different niches – thus using different resources or the same resources in different ways. Having slight different niches allows male and female Downy Woodpeckers to coexist with less competition as a result of differential niche use that is seen in where they hunt for food |
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Definition
| as movement from place of birth to place of first breeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| to the spatial arrangement of things with no movement implied |
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Term
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Definition
behavior performed out of context.
e.g. Preening instead of fighting. |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular patches of contrasting colors, serve to distract the observer's eye from the outline of the animal. |
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Term
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Definition
| birds is a layer of fine feathers found under the tougher exterior feathers. |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid pounding of bill of woodpeckers on a resonant surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| A nest in which more than one female lays eggs. |
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Definition
laces where there are no upwind obstructions that would block the wind and cause turbulence.
albatross |
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Term
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Definition
| when bright birds molt into dull plumage |
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Term
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Definition
| a place where the rate of predation exceeds the rate of reproduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| where the rate of reproduction exceeds the rate of mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| generally more species can be found at the edge between two different ecosystems than can be found within either of the ecosystems. |
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Term
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Definition
| small, sharp, cranial protuberance used by offspring to break or tear through the egg's surface during hatching. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Snail Kite and wood stork |
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Term
| endangered species act of 73 |
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Definition
| designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation." |
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Term
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Definition
| belonging or native to a particular people or country |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal redness, as of plumage or hair. |
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Term
| Ethiopian biogeographic region |
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Definition
| area of animal and plant distribution having similar or shared characteristics throughout. in Ethiopian |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Purple Swamphen, European Starling, Monk Parakeet |
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Term
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Definition
| Binoculars for outdoor use. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hairlike feather having few or no barbs, usually located between contour feathers. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| winter breeding plumage ? |
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Term
| “Florida Field Naturalist” |
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Definition
| publication of the Florida Ornithological Society, is a fully refereed technical journal of field biology and natural history. |
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Term
| Florida Ornithological Society |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| suggests that most of these birds migrate in specific areas |
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Term
| follicle stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation, and reproductive processes of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| enter most part of the macula |
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Term
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Definition
| the overall niche of the species |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| interior of the open mouth of a bird |
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Term
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Definition
| principle of competitive exclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| he process of adding geographical identification metadata to various media |
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Term
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Definition
| small, circular, white spot on the surface of the yellow yolk of a bird's egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscular enlargement of the alimentary canal of birds that has usually thick muscular walls and a tough horny lining for grinding the food |
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Term
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Definition
| a new outbreak after a period of abatement or inactivity |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| few extremely large cells that contain granules similar to Merkel cells and are ensheathed by glial cells |
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Term
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Definition
groups of ecologically similar species
- e.g., cavity nesters
- e.g., tree-surface foraging birds (woodpeckers, nuthatches, brown creeper, black-and-white warbler) |
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Term
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Definition
| fluttering of gular for cooling |
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Term
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Definition
A sac or pouch found in pelicans and their relatives
expands for large prey
frigate bird... pelican |
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Term
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Definition
| learning to avoid harmless, commonplace stimuli in the environment – such as learning to ignore airplanes flying overhead or traffic noises nearby, or human activity that is routine and non-threatening near a nest or feeder. |
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Term
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Definition
| it is this muscle which gives them the strength to force the egg tooth through the inner membrane of the eggshell. |
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Term
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Definition
| – involves first stretching the wing and then raising the foot over the wing to scratch the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| – is simply raising the foot up to scratch the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve-endings similar to the Pacinian corpuscle, found in the mucous membrane of the tongue, in pits on the beak and in other parts of the bodies of birds. |
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Term
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Definition
hort, pointed wings that when combined with a heavy wing loading and rapid wingbeats provide an energetically expensive high speed.
peregrine falcon |
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Term
| Holarctic biogeographic region |
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Definition
| many of the habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| home range is that area that a bird typically uses in the course of its daily activities |
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Term
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Definition
| refer to the bones of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| which is movement to an area. |
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Term
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Definition
| a special kind of learning that can occur only during a critical time period; |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one of the openings in the shaft of a feather |
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Term
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Definition
| (inside of outer shell membrane and continuous with the chalaza and vitelline membrane) |
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Term
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Definition
| is doing something with apparent foreknowledge of the outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| an inborn, particulate, stereotyped form of coordinated behavior, characteristic of a particular animal species." |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that is preparatory to another behavior, as a crouch before a leap |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
irregular movements that are predictable only in that irruptive species move from areas when their food supply dwindles and move to areas with a good food supply;
e.g., Red Crossbill, Evening Grosbeak. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The International Union for Conservation of Nature is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization |
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Term
| Journal of Field Ornithology |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a group of birds wheeling and circling in the air. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein making waterproof |
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Term
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Definition
| one animal takes prey or other food from another that has caught, collected, or otherwise prepared the food, including stored food |
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Term
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Definition
| greatest at the equator, least at the poles |
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Term
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Definition
| ?? greatest at high latitudes, least at equator |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptive behavior resulting from practice or experience |
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Term
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Definition
| In some species males display at a communal display ground and females come to the display ground and select a male – presumably on the basis of its display |
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Term
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Definition
| birds' feathers and turns them pale or white |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| (imprinting, animal behavior) |
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Term
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Definition
| biological species concept) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| putting words to the sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| coming together and driving birds away |
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Term
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Definition
| The replacement of all or part of the feathers |
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Term
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Definition
| plate of hard horny tissue at the tip of the beak |
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Term
| nasal gland (= salt gland) |
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Definition
| that remove excess salt from the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| a distinct feather generation and tends to precede contour feathers, semi-plumes or adult down feathers |
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Term
| Nearctic biogeographic region |
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Definition
| overs most of North America, including Greenland and the highlands of Mexico. Southern Mexico, southern Florida, Central America, and the Caribbean islands are part of the Neotropic ecozone, together with South America. |
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Term
| Neotropical biogeographic region |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| (territoriality, Song Sparrow research, “The Watcher at the Nest”) |
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Term
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Definition
| the role of an organism in its environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the niches of those species previously existing in the area are often impacted such that they become narrower as a result of competition for available resources. |
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Term
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Definition
| expansion of the niche of a species, population, or individual when, either as a result of movement to a new area or change in the physical or biotic environment, previous restraints are removed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| s a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye for protection and to moisten it while maintaining visibility |
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Term
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Definition
| was able to induce a female flicker to lay more than 70 eggs – she just kept on laying because she didn't have the number she "wanted" in her nest) |
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Term
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Definition
| are ones in which each species occurs or doesn’t occur independent of any other species |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Territorial behavior is important in many species in formation and maintenance of the pair bond. |
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Term
| Palaearctic biogeographic region |
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Definition
| largest ecozone. It includes the terrestrial ecoregions of Europe, Asia north of the Himalaya foothills, northern Africa, and the northern and central parts of the Arabian Peninsula. |
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Term
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Definition
| having the toes turned forward |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a term that indicates that populations are immediately adjacent to one another, but do not overlap. |
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Term
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Definition
| the skin forming the surface of the wing, is an extension of the skin of the abdomen that runs to the tip of each digit, uniting the forelimb with the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dominance is another behavior that is expressed to influence spatial relationships among birds |
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Term
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Definition
| comb like structure in animals |
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Term
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Definition
a claw found in some birds that has a serrate edge and is believed to be used in cleaning the feathers
?? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ornithologist, Guide to the Birds, the first modern field guide |
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Term
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Definition
| The duration of an organism's daily exposure to light, considered especially with regard to the effect of the exposure on growth and development. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. |
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Term
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Definition
water-soluble, nitrogenous biological pigments
heme in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
the males replace their nonbreeding plumage with breeding plumage.
right after breeding season |
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Term
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Definition
| stuff put on feathers to stay clean |
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Term
|
Definition
| before breeding season -> alternate plumage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| in binoculars for light to bounce |
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Term
|
Definition
| increase female courtship |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by the pituitary gland, in your blood |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| to a number of the final few caudal vertebrae fused into a single ossification, supporting the tail feathers and musculature |
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Term
|
Definition
| rapid growth... shorter life span |
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Term
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Definition
| the central shaft of the feather to which the vanes are attached |
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Term
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Definition
| group of large, flightless birds of the order Palaeognathae. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the niche of the individual or members of a local population |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the stiff main feathers of a bird's tail, used to control the direction of flight. |
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Term
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Definition
| factor in the environment responsible for eliciting a response. It is the stimulus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A quill or flight feather of a bird's wing. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| The outer surface of the beak consists a thin horny sheath of keratin |
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Term
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Definition
| an innate behavior that takes non-signal movements and incorporates them into displays, turning them into signals that elicit a specific response |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| any one of many colourless, submicroscopic structures in organisms that serve as a source of colour by the manner in which they reflect light. |
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Term
|
Definition
| birds take over abandoned nests |
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Term
| secondary sexual dimorphism |
|
Definition
| a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a feather having a plumy or downy web with the shaft of an ordinary feather |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| social facilitation (know examples of birds that illustrate this) |
|
Definition
herons and egrets
behaviors performed as a group |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| atch, often distinctly coloured, on the inner remiges of some birds. |
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Term
|
Definition
| using thermals, lee waves or slope soaring |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Red-footed Booby
Sooty Tern |
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Term
|
Definition
| navigation using the position of the rising or setting sun to learn the direction to travel (e.g., European Starling) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the act of spreading out in full sunshine to expose plumage to direct sunlight. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| exceptionally large or strong stimulus. It will often elicit an exceptionally strong response |
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Term
|
Definition
| a possible route of faunal interchange which is unlikely to be used by most animals, but which will, by chance, be used by some |
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Term
|
Definition
| to organisms whose ranges overlap or are even identical |
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Term
|
Definition
makes incubation and parental care easier as incubation and feeding don't have to occur simultaneously.
This is especially important for precocial birds so the young can follow parents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the third and fourth toes (the outer and middle forward-pointing toes), or three toes, are fused together |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type A. Feeding territories. Feeding areas outside the breeding territory but nevertheless defended
Type B. Winter territories. Areas defended through the winter months, particularly by permanent resident birds that may or may not use the same territories during the breeding season.
Type C. Roosting territories. Specific areas used for night roosting. |
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Term
|
Definition
Type A. Large breeding area within which courtship and copulation, nesting, and food-seeking usually occur.
e.g., wood warblers, mockingbird, song sparrow
Type B. Large breeding area, which, however, does not furnish most of the food.
e.g., Willet, Red-winged Blackbird, Yellow-headed Blackbird
Type C. Small nesting territories of colonial and some non-colonial birds: a small area around the nest.
e.g., herons, gulls, murres, House Sparrow, some doves
Type D. Pairing and/or mating territories. Small areas used for these purposes, not for nesting.
e.g., some grouse, some birds of paradise, manakins |
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Term
|
Definition
One of the inner flight feathers of a bird's wing
in upper arm |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (very watery white, less protein) of egg |
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Term
|
Definition
| special type of insight learning that involves the bird using some object from its environment to perform some task |
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Term
|
Definition
| Having webbing that connects each of the four anterior toes, as in water birds such as pelicans and gannets. |
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|
Term
| transient (know examples of Florida birds that are considered transients in the state) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a unique copper uroporphyrin pigment responsible for the bright green coloration of several birds of the family Musophagidae, most notably the turaco |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A special kind of diffraction of light for blue |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| elbow bone is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| are extensions of bone that project caudally from the vertical segment of each rib. |
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| the end product of purine metabolism, but it is excreted in feces as a dry mass. |
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| New World vultures excrete on their legs and use evaporative cooling of the liquid from the excrement to cool blood flowing to their legs. |
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| help preserve the integrity of feather structure and, in some species, is also believed to be useful in preserving the horny structure of the bill and the scales of the legs and feet |
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| is an abnormal behavior that is a response that occurs sometimes when there is a physiological readiness, but no stimulus. |
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| vagrant (know examples of birds that are considered vagrant in Florida) |
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| the flattened part of the feather that is attached on either side of the rachis (each feather has two vanes) |
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| feathers which cover the exterior of the body |
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| bristlelike feathers growing along the side of the mouth in many birds |
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| dispersal as a result of tectonic activity (movement of continents, building of barriers (mountains, rivers, etc.), breakdown of barriers (erosion of mountains, changes in stream flow, development of stepping stone islands) |
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| continuation of the chalaza that forms a membrane surrounding the yolk |
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| name before changed to The Wilson Journal of Ornithology |
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| The Wilson Journal of Ornithology |
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| Wilson Ornithological Society |
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| bird to the total wing area |
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| (protein and lipids; source of most nutrients for the developing embryo) |
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| environmental factor that provides a means of timing of migration (e.g., photoperiod |
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| ith two toes facing forward (digits 2 and 3) and two back (digits 1 and 4) |
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