Term
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Definition
| terrestrial predators clasping prey in outstretched arms |
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Term
| In between velociraptor and archaeopteryx |
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Definition
grasping arms
swivel wrist
reversed pubis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In between Archaeopteryx and ibermesornis |
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Definition
flight feathers
longer arms
shorter tail |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In between ibermesornis and enantiornithes |
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Definition
strutlike coracoid
fused pelvis
pygostyle
reduced foot claws |
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Term
| In between enantiornithes and ichthyornithiformes |
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Definition
more skeletal fusion
deeper sternum
alula
shorter tail |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In between ichthyornithiformes and neorniths (living birds) |
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Definition
shorter back and tail
deeper sternum and keel
more compact back and hip |
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Term
| Name the 6 genuses leading up to modern birds |
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Definition
1. Eumaniraptors
2. Avialae
3. Pygostylia
4. Ornithothoraces
five. Ornithurae
6. Aves |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The study of bird origins is over _____ years old. |
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Definition
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Term
| Huxley (1868) and other paleontologists |
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Definition
| The dinosaurian origin of birds gained broad support after the resemblance between birds and theropods was first recognized |
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Term
| In Heilmann's (1926) classic book ("The Origin of Birds" |
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Definition
| he suggested that, despite the similarity between birds and theropods, dinosaurs were probably too specialized to be the direct ancestors of birds and proposed that birds and dinosaurs probably evolved from a common ancestor in a group called Thecodontia. Heilmann's proposal was so authoritative and influential that the thecodont origin of birds became the prevalent hypothesis for nearly half a century |
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Term
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Definition
| The resurrection of the dinosaurian–bird hypothesis by John Ostrom in the 1970s (Ostrom 1976), with the support of cladistic analysis since the 1980s, has resulted in a general consensus among many paleontologists about the validity of the dinosaurian–bird hypothesis. The discovery of many new and better preserved theropods in the past two decades, particularly those with feather impressions from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning, have provided some of the most compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis (Zhou 2004). In more recent years, several additional findings provide yet more support for the dinosaur-bird hypothesis, including molecular evidence of the link between birds and dinosaurs (noted above), the small genomes of birds and saurischian dinosaurs (noted above), similarities in the respiratory systems of birds and theropods, the presence of uncinate processes in both birds and theropods (see below for more details), and similarities between birds and certain theropods in aspects of parental care and nesting. As a result, the growing consensus is that birds are dinosaurs |
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