Term
| Birds have a _______ skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
| Most bones of flying birds are |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do powerful flight muscles attach to the body? |
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Definition
| the keel shaped sternum (breastbone) |
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Term
| Birds have a _______ total number of bones than mammals or reptiles |
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Definition
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Term
| Birds have a smaller total number of bones than mammals or reptiles. Why? |
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Definition
| This is because many of their bones have fused together making the skeleton more rigid |
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Term
| Birds also have _____ neck (cervical) vertebrae than many other animals; most have _____ to ____ of these very flexible neck vertebrae (this helps them ______ ______ ______) |
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Definition
more
13 to twenty-five
groom their feathers |
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Term
| Birds are the only vertebrate animals to have a |
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Definition
| fused collarbone (the furcula or wishbone) and a keeled breastbone |
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Term
| While maintaining strength, most of the bones are pneumatic, meaning |
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Definition
| they are hollow and filled with air spaces connected to the respiratory system. |
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Term
| The bones of the skull are generally _____ providing |
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Definition
fused
protection to the brain while being of light weight |
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Term
| A _____, _______ _____ replaces the bony, heavy toothed jaw of reptiles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Beaks, of course, can be highly modified for |
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Definition
| different types of food and feeding behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| sight is an important sensory mechanism for birds. |
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Term
| The necks of birds are very important for |
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Definition
| body maintenance and eyesight. |
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Term
| Modification for flight has rendered |
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Definition
| avian forelimbs almost useless for any task other than flight |
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Term
| To make up for this lack of forelimb dexterity, |
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Definition
| the beak is used for many tasks such as preening feathers |
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Term
| To access hard-to-reach feathers on the back and tail birds require a |
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Definition
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Term
| Furthermore, as birds have immobile eyes, head movement and flexibility is required to |
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Definition
| focus on objects at various distances. |
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Term
| Overlying flaps projecting off the ribs called _______ _______ help to |
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Definition
uncinate processes
stiffen the rib cage so it will not collapse during the powerful strokes required for flight |
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Term
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Definition
| highly modified breastbone |
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Term
| In flying and swimming birds the keel is |
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Definition
| enlarged for flight muscle attachment. |
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Term
| Flightless birds such as Ostriches have a sternum without a |
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Definition
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Term
| The pectoral girdle is made up of the |
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Definition
| sternum, clavicle, coracoid and scapula. |
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Term
| The clavicles come together to form the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible attachment site for the breast muscles and along with the coracoids act as struts that resist pressure created by the wing stroke during flight. |
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Term
| Flight muscles running from the sternum to the relatively short and stiff humerus |
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Definition
| elevate and depress the wing. |
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Term
| There is an extensive fusion of bones of the pelvic region to provide |
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Definition
| stiff support for the legs in order to deal with the stress of take-off and landing |
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