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Exam 2
29
Chemistry
Undergraduate 2
01/19/2012

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Term
alkanes are nonpolar
Definition
hydrophobic ("water hating") do not dissolve in water
Term
boiling point increases as carbon #
Definition
increases
Term
alkanes less dense than
Definition
water
Term
boiling pt branched alkanes vs linear
Definition
branched boiling pt less than linear
Term
alkanes melting pt increases with
Definition
molecular weight and size
Term
even # carbon vs. odd # carbon
Definition
even # carbon melting point higher than odd # carbon
Term
melting pt of branched vs linear
Definition
branched melting pt greater than linear
Term
Alkanes are derived mostly from
Definition
petroleum and petroleum by-products
Term
catalytic cracking
Definition
heating alkanes with materials that catalyze cleavage of large molecules into smaller ones
Term
hydrocracking
Definition
catalytic cracking with hydrogen
Term
Natural gas
Definition
70% methane, 10% ethane, and 15% propane,
Term
methane hydrate
Definition
methane molecules trapped inside cages of water molecules
Term
paraffins.
Definition
little reactivity with acids or bases
Term
Combustion
Definition
rapid oxidation at high temperatures, products are co2 and water
Term
cracking
Definition
breaking into smaller molecules
Term
Halogenation via heat or light
Definition
Alkanes react with halogens to form alkyl halides
Term
conformations
Definition
different arrangements formed
by rotations about a single bond
Term
eclipsed conformation has angle that is
Definition
dihedral e = 0°
Term
staggered conformation has angle that is
Definition
e = 60°
Term
lowest-energy conformation is
Definition
the staggered conformation, C -H bonds separated as much as possible
Term
resistance to twisting
Definition
torsional strain
Term
energy required to twist is called
Definition
torsional energy
Term
steric strain
Definition
interference between two bulky groups, repUlsion
Term
sawhorse structures
Definition
picturing conformations by looking down at an angle toward
the carbon-carbon bond
Term
sawhorse structures
Definition
picturing conformations by looking down at an angle toward
the carbon-carbon bond
Term
angle strain or Baeyer strain:
Definition
strain associated with compressing bond angles tosmaller (or larger) angles
Term
ring strain
Definition
strain associated with the cyclic structure of a compound
Term
spirocyclic compounds
Definition
two rings share only one carbon
atom.
Term
saturated
Definition
no double or triple bonds
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