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ORGO
exam 3
24
Chemistry
12th Grade
12/13/2010

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Term
Carbonyl (group)
Definition
The functional group –C=O
Term
addition reaction
Definition
A reaction in which a carbon–
carbon double bond is replaced by a single bond and a new molecule is added into the original double-bonded molecule
Term
Benzene
Definition
A compound with the formula C6H6,
consisting of six carbon atoms in a ring structure with six delocalized electrons. It can also be found as a functional group, C6H5.
Term
addition polymerization
Definition
A reaction in which many monomers with a carbon–carbon double bond react together in addition reactions to form a polymer chain.
Term
Aldehyde
Definition
A homologous series in which the functional group CHO is found bonded to the first carbon
Term
Combustion
Definition
The reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen at high temperatures in which the products are carbon dioxide and water.
Term
Carboxyl group
Definition
The functional group –COOH
Term
Decolorization
Definition
Removal of the colour of a bromine
solution by the reaction with an alkene.
Term
Empirical formula
Definition
A formula that shows the simple
whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.
Term
Ester
Definition
The functional group –CO-O- made up of a carbonyl group with another oxygen atom bonded to
it. This functional group is only found in the middle
of molecules, not at the end.
Term
Free radical
Definition
A reactive species containing an unpaired electron that is the product of homolytic fission.
Term
Functional group
Definition
An atom or group of atoms that influences the chemical properties of a compound.
Term
Heterolytic fission
Definition
The breaking of a covalent bond in which one of the atoms involved in the bond retains both electrons from the bond, forming an anion, and the other atom (part of the molecule) forms a carbocation (Atoms that form covalent bond are different)
Term
Homolytic fission
Definition
The breaking of a covalent bond in which each atom involved in the bond retains one electron from the bond. (Atoms that form covalent bond are the same)
Term
Hydration
Definition
An addition reaction between an alkene and steam.
Term
Hydroxyl (group)
Definition
The functional group –OH
Term
Hydrogenation
Definition
An addition reaction between an alkene and hydrogen gas.
Term
Incomplete combustion
Definition
The reaction of a hydrocarbon with oxygen at high temperatures in which the products are carbon monoxide, and/or carbon and water.
Term
Molecular formula
Definition
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a compound.
Term
Reaction mechanism
Definition
A sequence of reaction steps
that shows in detail how a reaction possibly occurs
Term
Saturated
Definition
A compound in which all
carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds.
Term
SN1
Definition
Nucleophilic substitution reaction in which only
one species is needed to form the reactive intermediate
- Tertiary Alcohols undergo this
- Two steps involved
Term
SN2
Definition
A nucleophilic substitution reaction in which two
species are needed to form the reactive intermediate.
- Primary Alcohols undergo this
- One step involved
Term
Unsaturated
Definition
A compound that contains at least one carbon–carbon double or triple bond.
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