Term
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Definition
| A group is two or more freely interacting individuals who share collective norms & goals and have a common identity |
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Term
| What are the three outcomes of a group? |
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Definition
2+2=4 (Just a regular group)
2+2=5 (Process Gain/ Synergy) - "Team"
2+2=3 (Process Loss |
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Term
| What are the 5 steps of the Tuckman Model? |
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Definition
1) Forming
2) Storming
3) Norming
4) Performing
5) Adjourning |
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Term
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Definition
| They are sets of behavior patterns expected of a social unit. |
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Term
| What are 3 issues with roles? |
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Definition
1) Role Overload - (TDR>KSA)
2) Role Conflict - (b/w people, values, roles)
3) Role Ambiguity - Unclear/unknown |
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Term
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Definition
- They are acceptable standards of behavior (performance, appearance, etc).
-Broader than roles
- Conformists are rewarded and non-conformists are ostracized |
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Term
| Where do norms come from? |
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Definition
| Explicit statements, critical events, primacy, carryover from past |
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Term
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Definition
-Facilitate survival
-clarification of expectations, values, and identity |
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Term
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Definition
| Status is a socially defines position in a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| you can gain it through formal or informal means |
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Term
| What happens when you have status? |
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Definition
| Implications for performance, divergence |
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Term
| What are the two main roles in a group? |
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Definition
1)Task: Goal-oriented (e.g. Initiator, coordinator)
2)Maintenance: Interpersonal (e.g. Encourager, supporter |
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Term
| What are the 3 different sizes of groups? |
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Definition
Optimum from 3 to 13
Contingency... 3-5 for decision quality
5+ for idea-generation |
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Term
| What is the Asch Effect (Conformity)? |
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Definition
| It is the distortion of individual judgement by unanimous but incorrect opposition. |
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Term
| What is groupthink (conformity)? |
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Definition
| The idea that a consensus is more important that a realistic appraisal. It is when when seeking agreement dominates independent critical thinking. This causes too much cohesiveness or "In-Group" Mentality. |
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Term
| What is the result and 6 symptoms of Groupthink (Conformity)? |
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Definition
It decreases quality but increase decision confidence.
Symptoms include:
- Perceptions of invulnerability
- morality
- unity
- Rationality
- Peer-Pressure
- Self-Censorhip |
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Term
| What are 6 ways to prevent groupthink (conformity)? |
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Definition
- critical elevator
- Devil's Advocate
- Leader impartiality
- Parallel subgroups
- Second-chance meetings |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases; a.k.a. the Free-rider effect |
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Term
| When does the social loafing occur? |
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Definition
-tasks seen as unimportant, simple, or uninteresting
- Individual output perceived as not identifiable
- Members expect other members to loaf |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the tendency for groups to exaggerate the position of its members. |
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Term
| What are 4 reasons groupshift happens? |
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Definition
- Anonymity
- De-Individualization
- Diffusion of Responsibility
- Framing |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the ability to influence to voluntary pursue organizational goals. |
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Term
| The diagram about the different theories of leadership. |
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Definition
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Term
| Universal Traits Approach |
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Definition
- Leaders are born (and you have to find them)
- traits includes intelligence, confidence, dominance, energy, etc.)
- These traits are ok, but not in all situations
- Traits may not make you a better leader, but make you look like a better leader |
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Term
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Definition
- Attributes include:
1) Vision
2) Communication
3) Emotion
4) Consistency
5) Confidence
- Can be "transformative" to others |
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Term
| Whats the problem with Charisma Theory? |
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Definition
Problem is if charisma was a trait, you wouldn't be able to teach it. If it was universal, it would always be good.
You can actually teach charisma. |
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Term
| Universal Behavior Approach |
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Definition
| Leaders are made; how do we train them? |
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Term
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Definition
Basically two independent dimensions:
Considerate (Relationship Oriented)
Initiating (Task Oriented)
- Train for "high,high" style (train people to get the job done and be nice at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
- Only one dimension from Employee centered to Production centered
- Its best to be employee centered |
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Term
| Leadership Grid between Concern for People vs. Concern for Production |
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Definition
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Term
| What is servant leadership? |
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Definition
| It is the prioritizing service to others over ones personal well-being. |
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Term
| Why is Level 5 Leadership? |
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Definition
| The paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will. They have incredible amount of modesty and don't care about getting credit. They spread it around. |
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Term
| What is Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory? |
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Definition
- Leaders treat group members differently.
- In (vs out) group: Preferential
- They treat their "in-group" better. |
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Term
| What is Contingent Trait Approach? |
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Definition
- Essentially, leaders get picked.
leaders are matched/how to match/place them |
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Term
| Fiedler's Contingency Theory |
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Definition
- Uses the LPC (Least preferred Coworker)score to test a leader's unchangeable style.
- Matches leader with the situation (change the leader or change the situation)
- Hi & Lo control: Task Oriented people do better in awesome and horrible situations; extreme situations
- Mod (moderate) control: better for the relationship person
- Example would be reengeneering someone's job |
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Term
| What is the Contingent Behavior Approach? |
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Definition
| It is the idea that leaders can adapt. |
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Term
| In which ways can people vary in their maturity? |
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Definition
M1: Can't & Won't
M2: Can't & Will
M3: Can & Won't (attitude is the problem)
M4: Can & Will |
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Term
| What is the maturity matrix? |
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Definition
[image]
As people mature, you treat them differently. |
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Term
| What is the Path Goal Theory? |
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Definition
Based on Expectancy Theory of Motivation
E - Effort
P - Performance
O - Outcome
G - Goals
E - P: Direct and guide along path
P - O: Makes goals contingent on performance
O - G: Make goals to current/future satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the combination of individual differences that make people different from and similar to each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is socially derived, deep taken-for-granted assumptions about how to think & act. |
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Term
| How has technology influenced transportation and communication? |
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Definition
| It's made travel easier faster and made it possible to communicate with people around the world much easier and faster. |
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Term
| What are the four attitudes of other cultures? |
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Definition
Parochialism - Host = Home (Ignorance)
Ethnocentrism - Host < Home (Arrogance)
Polycentrism - Host > Home (Forget your values)
Geocentrism - Host + Home (Work together; synergy) |
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Term
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Definition
1)Power Distance- HI: Status Difference > LO: Equality
2)Individualism (vs. Collectivism)- HI: Loosely-Knit/Self > LO: Tightly-Knit/Group
3)Quantity/Masc (vs. Quality.Fem) of Life- HI: Assertive/Materialism > LO: Relationships/People
4)Uncertainty Avoidance- HI:Fear/Anxiety > LO:Accepting/Adaptability
5) Long (vs. Short) Term Orientation/Confucian Values- HI: Savings/Tomorrow > LO:Spending/Today |
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