refers to negative team or group members who withhold effort, express negative feelings and attitudes, and violate important team norms and behaviors.

cohesiveness

is the strength of the members’ desire to remain in a team and their commitment to it.

collective efficacy

is a team’s or group’s shared perception of its capability to successfully perform specific tasks.

compliance conformity

occurs when a person’s behavior reflects the team’s desired behavior because of real or imagined pressure.

context

refers to the external conditions within which a team works.

cross–functional team

is a team that has members drawn from various work areas whose goal is to identify and solve mutual problems.

fault lines

the process by which teams divide themselves into subgroups based on one or more attributes.

free rider

is an individual who obtains benefits from membership but does not contribute much to achieving the team’s goals.

friendship group

evolves informally to meet its members’ personal security, esteem, and belonging needs.

functional team

usually includes employees who work together daily on similar tasks and must coordinate their efforts.

global team

has members from a variety of countries who are separated significantly by time, distance, culture, and language.

group

is any number of people who share goals, often communicate with one another over a period of time, and are few enough so that each individual may communicate with all the others, person to person.

groupthink

is an agreement–at–any–cost mentality that results in ineffective group or team decision making and poor decisions.

informal group

is one that develops out of the day–to–day activities, interactions, and sentiments that the members have for each other.

informal leader

is an individual whose influence in a team grows over time and usually reflects a unique ability to help the team reach its goals.

are the rules and patterns of behavior that are accepted and expected by members of a team or whole organization.

personal acceptance conformity

problem–solving team

is a team that has members who focus on a specific issue, develop a potential solution, and can often take action within defined limits.

relations–oriented role

of a team member involves fostering team–centered attitudes, behaviors, emotions, and social interactions.

self–managed team

refers to a team with highly interdependent members who work together effectively on a daily basis to manufacture an entire product (or major identifiable component) or provide an entire service to a set of customers.

self–oriented role

of a team member involves the person’s self–centered attitudes, behaviors, and decisions that are at the expense of the team or group.

sucker effect

which refers to one or more individuals in the team deciding to withhold effort in the belief that others (the free riders) are planning to withhold effort.

superordinate goals

which two or more individuals, teams, or groups might pursue but can’t be achieved without their cooperation.

task group

is created by management to accomplish certain organizational goals.

task–oriented role

of a team member involves facilitating and coordinating work–related behaviors and decision making.

team

is a small number of employees with complementary competencies who are committed to common performance goals and working relationships for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.

team empowerment

refers to the degree to which its members perceive the group as (1) being competent and able to accomplish work–related tasks (potency), (2) performing important and valuable tasks (meaningfulness), (3) having choice (autonomy) in how they carry out their tasks, and (4) experiencing a sense of importance and significance (impact) in the work performed and goals achieved.

team goals

are the outcomes desired for the team as a whole.

virtual team

refers to a team with members who collaborate through various information technologies on one or more tasks while geographically dispersed at two or more locations and who have minimal face–to–face interaction.