Shared Flashcard Set

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Organizational Behavior
Stuff
41
Business
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2009

Additional Business Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Functional Structure
Definition

[image][image]You have the CEO with different divisions underneath (marketing, manufacturing, etc)

 

pros: concentrates expertise pool

cons: creates us vs. them atmosphere

Term
Divisional Structure
Definition

You have CEO and then different regions

pros: promotes cross functional thinking

cons: redundant and there is a "who's the boss" problem

Term
Matrix Organization
Definition

You have a chart with marketing, manufacting, etc down the first colum and then you have regions going across on the top row like a chart

pros: optimizes resources and expertise

cons: too many people to answer to

Term
Characteristics of Teams
Definition
  • Assigned vs. Assumed
  • Interact to achieve objectives
Term
Types of Teams
Definition

Formal and Informal

  • Formal - command e.g. department - service/response e.g. qualitity control committee - task e.g. strategic task force
  • informal - friends and family
Term
Purpose of Teams
Definition
Influence, Identity, Status, Affiliation, Goal Achievement
Term
Diversity in Teams
Definition
  • Members provide different perspectives --> improves problem solving and creativity
  • Heterogenous teams > Homogenous teams but not in implementation of solutions
  • Diversity can prevent cohesion
Term
Task Types
Definition
  • Disijuntive - task requires only single member
  • Additive - task requires multiple members but independent
  • Conjunctive - task requires multiple members and elemts are interdependent
Term
Promotive Interdependence
Definition
When two parties need each other
Term
Conditions for Collaborative Negotiations
Definition

Potential for Mutual Gain

High aspirations

Problem-solving Orientation

Premised on Relationship

Term
Keys to Win-Win Negotiations
Definition

Focus on Shared Goals

Separate people from Problem

Attend to Interests

Be Creative

Term

Sources of norms

 

Definition

Tradition

Primacy - first thing done

Critical incidents

Conscious Decisions

Term
Cohesiveness
Definition
Emotional sense of connection and commitment of members to one another
Term
Factors of Cohesiveness
Definition

Shared or interdependent goals

History of success

INterpersonal attraction

Common threat or enemy

Term
Social Loafing
Definition
the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
Term
Limitations of Authory
Definition
  • Lowest common denominator: Bailey can make us go to lecture but can't make us get A's
  • Limited Applicability
  • Unwelcome Side-effects
  • Ill-suited for Modern Organizations
Term
Forms of Power
Definition
  • Legitimate Power: associated with position
  • Resrouce: control over resources
  • Expertise: special knowledge and skill
  • Charisma: personality
  • Social: comes from others - colaition
Term
Conformity
Definition
Change in attitutdes or behavior because of adherence to widely accepted norms and standards
Term
Normative Social Influence
Definition
So motivated to belong that it overrides consideration of other factors
Term
Informational Social Influence
Definition
Uncertain as to how to proceed or what to believe, so appeal to admired others or reference group
Term
Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
Definition
Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization
Term
Theory X and Theory Y
Definition
  • Theory X: employees hate work and will avoid it so employees must be corrected with punishment
  • Theory Y: employees can view work as naturally as rest and play and they will be good if they are committed to objectives
Term
Two Factor Theory
Definition
Factors that lead to job satisfaction are distinct from those that lead to job dissastisfaction (motivation-hygeine)
Term
Goal Setting Theory
Definition
Specific goals produce a higher level of output than does the generalized goal
Term
Perception
Definition
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
Attribution suggest that when we observe someone's behavior, we attenmpt to determine whether it was caused internall or externally
Term
Self-Serving Bias
Definition
people tend to attribute success to internal factors, and failure to external
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
People tend to overestimate internal influence and underestimate external influence
Term
Piece Rate Plans
Definition
paid a fixed sum for each unit of production
Term
Anchoring Bias
Definition
tendency to fixate on intial information an failing to adequately adjust for subsequent information
Term
Confirmation Bias
Definition
seeking out information that reaffirms past choices and discounting information that contradicts past judgements
Term
Availability Bias
Definition
The tendency for people to base their judgements on information that is readily avaiable
Term
Availability Heuristic
Definition
Render judgements based on how readily explanations or instances come to mind (Bailey thinks in terms of psychology)
Term
Representativeness Heuristic
Definition
Render judgements based on resemblance to typical cases
Term
Types of Schema
Definition
Role, person, Self, Event, Object
Term
Expectancy Theory
Definition
Process by which humans attempt to bring about desired state of affairs
Term
McClelland's Need Types
Definition
power, affiliation, and achievement
Term
Self-Efficacy
Definition
Process by which belief in one's own capabilities improves performance
Term
Big Five Model
Definition
  • Extroversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Conscientiousnes: propensity to structure and organize life
  • Emotionality(calm vs. neurotic, worried, anxious)
  • Openess
Term
Rokeach Value Framework
Definition
  • Terminal - desirable end states (comfort, excitement, peace, beauty)
  • Instrumental - desireable means for achieving terminal values (ambitious, capable, clean)
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