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Organic Chemisty- Exam 2
n/a
14
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
03/14/2012

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Cards

Term

 

 

Chirality

 

Chiral vs. Achiral

Definition

Chiral- A nonsuperimposable mirror image

 

Achiral- A mirror image that can be superimposed

Term
Fisher Projection
Definition
vertical lines are projected backwards, while the tops of the atom stays the same
Term
Enantiomer
Definition
two atoms that are nonsuperimposable are enantiomers of each other.
Term
L- vs. D- isomer
Definition
in a L- isomer, the last -OH is on the left hand side.
in a D- isomer, the last -OH is on the right hand side.
Term
Carbohydrate
Definition
the most abundant of all organic compunds in nature. are sugars, are are made up of C, H, & O.
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
The simplest carbohydrate. cannot be split or hydrolyzed into a smaller carbohydrate.
Term
Disaccharide
Definition
consists of two monosaccharides joined together. Can be split.
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
naturally occuring polymers consisting of many monosaccharide units.
Term
Naming monosaccharides by aldose and ketose
Definition
Aldose- the carbonyl group is on the first carbon(-CHO)
Ketone- the carbonyl group is on the second carbonas a ketone(C=O)
Term
how to draw a Haworth Structure
Definition
1: turn the open chain clockwise
2: fold the carbon chain(-OH group on carbon 5 goes on carbon 1)
Term
alpha and beta on a haworth structure
Definition
the structure is alpha if the -OH on C1 is down. It is beta if the -OH on C1 is up
Term
Oxidation of Monosaccharides
Definition
oxidizes in the presence of Cu2+.
adds an O to C1.
Term
reduction of monsaccahrides
Definition
reduces in the presence of H+.
takes away an O.
Term
reducing sugar
Definition
monosaccharides that reduce another substance.
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