Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Alkyne + H2 & metal (Pt or Pd) |
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes single bond |
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Term
| Alkyne + H2 + Lindlar's catalyst |
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes cis double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes cis double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes trans double bond |
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Term
| A more stable base corresponds with a BLANK acid |
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Definition
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Term
| A more stable base means that the base is BLANK (strong or weak) |
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Definition
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Term
| A BLANK (strong or weak) base will deprotonate a terminal alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| A BLANK (strong or weak) base will not deprotonate a terminal alkyne |
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Definition
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Term
| Alkyne + H2SO4, H2O, & HgSO4 |
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a single bond and double bonded oxygen on the more substituted position |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a single bond with two Xs bonded to the more substituted position |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a double bond with X bonded to the more substituted hindered side |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a single bond with 2 X's bonded at each end (total of 4) |
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Term
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Definition
| R is added to to open side of triple bond |
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Term
| Alkyne + 9-BBN, H2O2 & NaOH |
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a single bond and a double bonded O at the less substituted position |
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Term
| Alkyne + Disiamylborane, H2O2, and NaOH |
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a single bond and a double bonded oxygen on the less substituted side |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxidative cleavage: Triple bond becomes a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded OH x2 for each new molecule |
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Term
| Terminal alkyne + O3 &H2O |
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Definition
| Oxidative cleavage: Triple bond becomes a double bonded oxygen and a single bonded OH, and CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule with a C=C double bond alyllically located to an alcohol; very stable |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygen double bonded to a carbon with an R on each side (resonance-stabilized enol) |
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Term
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Definition
| An oxygen double bonded to a carbon with an H on one side and an R on the other |
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Term
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Definition
| Triple bond becomes a double bond with an X bonded to each side (trans) |
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Term
| Internal alkyne + NaNH2, NH3 (l) and H2O |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| One of the carbons in a C=C double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Attached to one of the carbons in a C=C double bond |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of radical inhibition in which hydroquinone donates a hydrogen to destroy a radical and resonance stabilizes itself and then destroys another radical by donating a hydrogen again |
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Term
|
Definition
| A form of radical inhibition in which hydroquinone donates a hydrogen to destroy a radical and resonance stabilizes itself and then destroys another radical by donating a hydrogen again |
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Term
| delta H must be (+ or -) for the halogenation of an alkane |
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Definition
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Term
| Delta G must be (+ or -) for a reaction to occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a slower process, bromination or chlorination? And why? |
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Definition
| Bromination due to a higher activation energy |
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Term
| When an alkane is chorinated, the Cl is attached at the BLANK position |
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Definition
| 60% the more substituted position, 40% the less substituted position |
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Term
| When an alkane is brominated, the Br is attached at the BLANK position |
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Definition
| More substituted position |
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Term
| How to determine acid/base strength |
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Definition
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Term
| Pattern of base stability in the periodic table |
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Definition
| Increasing to the right, increasing as you go down |
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Term
| Induction effects on base strength |
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Definition
| Weaker/stabler when negative atoms provide inductive effects |
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Term
| A negative charge on a triple bond is more or less stable than on a single bond? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a weaker base, methyl oxide or ethyl oxide? And why? |
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Definition
| Methyl oxide because methyl donates less electrons to the oxygen than ethyl |
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Term
| Z designates the top priority atoms to be on the (same or opposite) side(s) of a double bond |
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Definition
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Term
| E designates the top priority atoms to be on the (same or opposite) side(s) of a double bond |
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Definition
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Term
| Cis double bonds are more or less stable than trans? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alkene stability can be determined by |
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Definition
| The number of substiuents on the double bond |
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Term
| Mechanism for primary carbocation treated with a nucleophile |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for secondary carbocation treated with a nucleophile |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for tertiary carbocation treated with a nucleophile |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a primary carbocation treated with a strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a secondary carbocation treated with a strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a tertiary carbocation treated with a strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a primary carbocation treated with a strong nucleophile/strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a secondary carbocation treated with a strong nucleophile/strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a tertiary carbocation treated with a strong nucleophile/strong base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a primary carbocation treated with a weak nucleophile/weak base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a secondary carbocation treated with a weak nucleophile/weak base |
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for a tertiary carbocation treated with a weak nucleophile/weak base |
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Definition
| SN1 and E1 (high temperature favors E1) |
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Term
| Reagents that are nucleophile only (7) |
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Definition
| Cl-,Br-,I-, HS-,H2S, RS-,RSH |
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Term
| Cl-,Br-,I-, HS-,H2S, RS-,RSH |
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Definition
| Reagents that are nucleophile only |
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Term
| Reagents that are base only (3) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Reagents that are base only |
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Term
| Reagents that are strong nucleophiles/strong bases (4) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Reagents that are strong nucleophiles/strong bases |
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Term
| Reagents that act as weak nucleophiles/weak bases (3) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Reagents that act as weak nucleophiles/weak bases |
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Term
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Definition
| Inversion (back-side attack) |
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Term
|
Definition
| =k[substrate][nucleophile] |
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Term
| Which is concerted, SN2 or SN1? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbocation reactivity of SN2 |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Racemic mixture of inversion and retention |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| High priority groups on the same side of a double bond |
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Term
|
Definition
| High priority groups on opposite sides of a double bond |
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Term
| Is cis more or less stable than trans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| E2 mechanism: Double bond in more or less substituted position? |
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Definition
| With reagents that are not sterically hindered (OH, MeO, and EtO) the double bond is placed in the more substituted position. With t-BuOK, the double bond is placed in the less substituted position. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| E1 mechanism: Double bond in more or less substituted position? |
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Definition
| Major product is always the more substituted position |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes single bond with X bonded to the more substituted position |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes single bond with X bonded to the less substituted position |
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Term
|
Definition
| X placed in more substituted position |
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Term
| Anti-Markovnikov position |
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Definition
| X placed in less substituted position |
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Term
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Definition
| Double bond formed in more substituted position |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond formed in less substituted position |
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Term
| Configuration/stereochemistry of HX addition to an alkene |
|
Definition
| Racemic mixture of R and S |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond and an OH is bonded to the more substituted side |
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Term
| Stereochemistry (configuration) of acid-catalyzed hydration |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Difference between acid-catalyzed hydration and oxymercation-demurcation? |
|
Definition
| Acid catalyzed hydration can undergo carbocation rearrangements, while oxymercation-demurcation cannot |
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Term
| Alkene + Hg(OAc)2, H2O, & NaBH4 |
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond and an OH is bonded to the more substituted position (with no rearrangement!) |
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Term
| Alkene + BH3*THF & H2O2, NaOH |
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with an OH bonded to the less substituted position (with no carbocation rearrangement!) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Two atoms are added to the same side of a molecule (dashed and dashed, or wedge and wedge) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Two atoms are added to opposite sides of a molecule (dashed and wedge) |
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|
Term
| Is hydroboration-oxidation (BH3, THF, H2O2, NaOH) syn or anti? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond |
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|
Term
| Is catalytic hydrogenation syn or anti? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Alkene + H2 & Wilkinson's catalyst |
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with syn addition of H's |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with anti addition of H's |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with an anti addition of an X on each side |
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|
Term
| Does halogenation (X2) occur via syn or anti addition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond and an OH is placed at the more substituted position and an X is placed at the other side (anti-addition) |
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|
Term
| Does halohydrin formation occur via syn or anti addition? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with an anti addition of OH on each side |
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Term
| Alkene + OsO4, NaHSO3 & H2O |
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with a syn addition of OH on each side |
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|
Term
| Alkene + KnO4, NaOH & cold |
|
Definition
| Double bond becomes a single bond with a syn addition of OH on each side |
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Term
|
Definition
| Double bond is cleaved into two C=O double bonds |
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Term
|
Definition
| Reagents used before an EN1 reaction if the leaving group is an OH |
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|
Term
| How to convert an alkene to an alkyne |
|
Definition
| 1) Br2, CCl4 2) xs NaNH2, H2O |
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|
Term
| Lowest energy conformation of cyclohexane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Highest energy conformation of cyclohexane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Second highest energy conformation of cyclohexane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Second lowest energy conformation of cyclohexane |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which substituent is more stable: axial or equatorial? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of steric hinderance present in a staggered conformation |
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