Shared Flashcard Set

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Organic Chemistry
Final
34
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
04/08/2008

Additional Chemistry Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what makes carbon so special in reactions
Definition

tetravalence

 

for carbon to bond ionically it would have to give up or take 4 e-

 

it shares four ways instead

Term
how do you find the outer most electrons of an atom?
Definition
take the highest "coefficients" of the spdf and count up the electrons here
Term
s and p orbitals (shape)
Definition
sphere and dumbell
Term
sigma bond
Definition

s orbital X 2

 

oval

Term
sp3
Definition
1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals
Term
sp2
Definition

(1 s orbital+ 2 p orbitals) + 1 unchanged p

Term
sp
Definition

(1 s orbital + 1 p orbital ) + 2 unchanged p

Term

pi bond

Definition

2 p orbitals interacting

 

Term
nature of nitrogen
Definition

sp3

 

but one loop is lone electrons that dont usually wanna bond with anything else

Term
electronegativity pattern
Definition

HIGHEST at flourine

 

lessons moving diagonally down to right

Term
Keq
Definition

[product]

---------

[starting]

Term
dipole moment
Definition
SUM of polarized bonds
Term
pKa
Definition

lower pKa-->stronger acid

 

logKa

 

 

Term
log10000
Definition
4
Term
ACID BASE THEORY
Definition

bronsted-lowry

acid: proton donor

base:proton acceptor

 

lewis

acid:electron acceptor

base:electron donor

Term

determiners of Lewis acids/bases

Definition

Base: extra electrons

 

Acid: vacant--low energy bond, polar bond to H

 

also B and Al (with three bonds) can stretch to make room for another--like a vacant orbital

-->acids

Term
what is the amount of rotation for comformational analysis?
Definition
60 degrees
Term
tortional vs steric strain
Definition

steric=bulk such as gauche

 

tortional=eclipsing.bending.torting

Term
ring angle equations
Definition

(n-2)*180

------------

2

Term

how much E is needed for a chair-chair conversion of cyclohexane?

Definition
45 Kj/mol
Term
dihedral angle
Definition

angle between two H's on a molecule

 

to find, use Newman projection and divide up like a pie

Term
1-3 diaxial interaction
Definition
gauche like interaction between Hydrogens that are two carbons apart in cyclohexane
Term
what are the two broadest types of reaction and how do we differeniate between them
Definition

radical: heterolytic cleavage

 

Polar Covalent: homolytic cleavage

Term
steps to radical reaction
Definition

initiation

propagation

termination

Term
what types of G figures are there for describing reactions?
Definition

G noght: change in overall free energy (start point--finish point difference)

 

delta G: describes individual steps

 

G daggar: energy of activation

Term
hyperconjugation
Definition
interaction between empty C orbitals and alpha hydrogens
Term
what are the two ways to rearrange carbacations?
Definition

hydride shift

methyl migration

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