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Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
27
Chemistry
10th Grade
05/22/2010

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Term
organic compounds contain ______
Definition
carbon
Term
organic compunds are ____,____,____,____
Definition
nonpolar, react slower, nonelctrolytes (except organic acids), low melting point
Term
a carbon must have how many bonds?
Definition
four
Term
carbons can bond to one another with ___,___,and ___ bonds
Definition
single, double, triple
Term
hydrocarbon
Definition
a compund that contains hydrogen and carbon only
Term
saturated hydrocarbon
Definition
alkanes, single bonds only
Term
unsaturated hydrocarbon
Definition
alkenes and alkynes, double or triples bonds (multiple bonds)
Term
to identify organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ethers, halides, amines, amides, amino acids...use table __?
Definition
R
Term
these impart distinctive physical and chemical properties to organic compounds
Definition
functional group
Term
isomers
Definition
same moleculare formula, but different structural formulas (different properties)
Term
multiple covalent bonds
Definition
more than one pair of electrons shared
Term
substitution
Definition
alkane -> 2 products
Term
addition
Definition
alkene or alkyne -> 1 product
Term
fermentation
Definition

glucose -> ethanol + CO2

 C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Term
esterification
Definition
organic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
Term
saponification
Definition
makinf of soap from a fat (look for Na)
Term
combustion
Definition
hydrocarbon + O2 -> CO2 +H2O + heat
Term
polymer
Definition
long chain of repeating units (monomers)
Term
natural polymer
Definition
proteins, starch, cellulose
Term
synthetic polymers
Definition
polyXXXXX, nylon, rubber, plastics
Term
condensation polymerization
Definition
linking of monomers by the removal of water
Term
addition polymerization
Definition
linking of monomers by the "opening" of double bonds
Term
dihydroxyl alcohol (2OH's)
Definition
1,2 ethanediol
Term
trihydroxyl alcohol
Definition
glycerol
Term
primary alcohol
Definition
one C is bonded to the C that is bonded to the OH
Term
secondary alcohol
Definition
2 C's are bonded to the C that is bonded to the OH
Term
tertiary alcohol
Definition
3 C's are bonded to the C that is bonded to the OH
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