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organic chem.
beginning organic chem.
27
Chemistry
Undergraduate 3
12/29/2007

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Term

Strong acids equal?

Definition
Acids that completely dissociate in water to make hydronium H3O.
Term
What are the three main rules for resonance structures?
Definition
  1. Atoms are fixed and cannot move. (only the distribution of the electrons in the molecule changes from one resonance structure to the next.
  2. Only lone-pair electrons and pi electrons (which are only found in 2x and 3x bonds) can move.
  3.  You can't break the octet rule.( the sum of an atoms lone-pairs and bonds cannot be greater than four).
Term

bases that dissocitate completely to form OH- Hydronium ions are called ?

Definition
Strong bases
Term
Which element has not electrons or neutrons, only a single proton at the nucleus?
Definition
H+ , Hydrogen
Term
The most common acid-base definition used in organic chemistry is ?
Definition
Brownstead-Lowry definition of acids and bases
Term
A brownstead-Lowry Acid is a molecule that donates/accepts a proton (H+) to a base?
Definition

Donates

Term
A Brownstead-Lowry base is a molecule that ________ a proton from an Acid?
Definition
Accepts
Term
A lewis Acid is a molecule that _____ electrons?
Definition
accepts
Term
A lewis base is a molecule that _____ electrons?
Definition
donates
Term
Lewis Acids are called _______, which means "electron Lovers".
Definition
electrophiles
Term
Lewis bases are called _______, which means "nucleus Lovers"?
Definition
nucleophiles
Term
Strong acids have ______conjugate bases?
Definition
stable
Term
The three most important features that stabalize negative charges are ____,_____and_____?
Definition
electronegativity, hybridization and size of the atom upon which the negative charge is located.
Term
Which is more acidic HF or HI?  Why?
Definition
HI, because even though Flourine is more electronegative, Iodine is a much larger atom, and as a rule size trumps electronegativity.
Term
Aldehydes are often represented as _R-?_____?
Definition
R-CHO
Term
________ refer to atoms other than carbon and hydrogen?
Definition
Heteroatoms
Term
______ are organic compounds that contain one or more halogens?
Definition
Halides
Term
Ketones generally end with the suffix_______?
Definition

-one

Term
Sugars contain many ______ groups?
Definition
-OH
Term
Generally, names of thiols (SH) end with what suffix?
Definition

-thiol

Term
An aldehyde is thought of as a carbonyl at the ______ of a molecule, and a ketone is thought of as a carbonyl in the _________ of a molecule?
Definition
End, Middle
Term

The names of carboxylic acids generally end with the suffix ______?

Definition
-oic acid,  as in ethanoic acid more commonly called acetic acid
Term
Esters generally end with the suffix ______?
Definition
-oate, as in propyl pentanoate (pinapples) note esters are generally sweet smelling compounds.
Term

Molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other are called _____?

Give an example?

Definition
Enantiomers,  your right hand is the enantiomer of your left hand because your hands are mirror images of each other.(put your right hand up to a mirror, and you'll see what looks like a left hand).
Term
Molecules with the same atom connectivity but with different orientations of those atoms in space are __________?
Definition
Sterioisomers
Term

Malecule that are not superimposable on their mirror images are said to be _______?

Molecules that can be superimposed on their mirro images are said to be ________?

Definition
Chiral, achiral (rhymes with viral with a hard "K"), Note: only chiral molecules have enantiomers.
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