Term
| W/ ARE THE 3 TYPES OF BONDS? WHICH ONE IS PRIMARILY USED IN OCHEM? |
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Definition
POLAR
IONIC
COVALENT
-POLAR COVALENT |
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Term
| EN CRITERIA FOR POLAR BOND B/W X----Y BOND? |
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Definition
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Term
| EN DIFFERENT CRITERIA FOR COVALENT BOND (H--BOND)? |
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Definition
EN X=ENX , THEY WILL EQUAL EACHOTHER, EQUAL SHARING OF ELECTRONS
IE: H---H( X----X RATHER THEN X--Y) |
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Term
| EN DIFFERENCE CRITERIA FOR IONIC BOND? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
REDISTRIBUTION OF E- DENSITY THROUGH BONDS
(+)-------> (-), =ARROW PTS FROM POS TO NEG |
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Term
| What is the overall magnitude and direction of induction effect called? |
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Definition
| Dipole moment- sum of polarized bonds mag and direction |
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Term
formula for calculating dipole moment
unit?*** |
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Definition
μ= Q x r
Q= charge (e-/ proton)= 1.60 x10^-19 C(coulumb)
r= distance or length of bond
μ unit= 1 Debye (D)= 3.336e^-3 CXm
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Term
| If 2 similar molecules, both with H bonded to it, and one with C, why is it that the one with C has less electron density (inductive effect)*** |
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Definition
| Because C is positive this will cause the electron density to be distrubuted throughout the molecule reducing the overall polarity (e- density) |
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Term
why is -1N tripple bond N+1 = N-1 more stable then
-2 N - N+1 triple bond N neutral ??**** |
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Definition
because distubution of q is even;y distrubuted whereas 2 has a hight concentraction of e- at one place
(matters in acid base as well) |
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Term
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Definition
1. LP -----PI BOND
2. LP-----+Q
3. PI BOND---- +Q
4. PI BOND-------ELECTRONEG ATOM (O,N, ETC)
5. ALL AROUND RING |
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Term
| how do you determine which resonance structure is more stable?** |
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Definition
1.the one with the least amount of chargest, more then 2 is unstable
2. the one with more N/ O takes precedent because more lp distrubution
3. - q on a more electronegative atom is more stable (full octet)
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Term
| between + N and +O resonances which one is more stable? and why?*** |
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Definition
| N+ will be more stable because it is less electroneg then O meaning it can do without the electron and still be stable, whereas O wants to be neg, and if it is not it will be unhappy |
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Term
| define brownstead acid/ base |
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Definition
acid- donates H+
base- accepts H+
proton |
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Term
How do you determine which molecule (reactant) is the stronger acid?
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Definition
Queen Red Idolizes Octupus- take away H of e- neg atom (conj base)
1. look at Q, the more electroneg atom with -q wins, column- larger wins* takes precedence
**2. the one with more resonance structures
a) more O/N
b) pi bonds c) electroneg w/ neg q full octet
**3. inductive effect- more polarity wins b) -q and lp not in close distance
a) least amount of c's
4.orbitals- SP wins
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Term
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Definition
acid- LP acceptor
base- LP donator |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
3.336e-30 C*M
used to conver mu |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why is FCH3 < ClCH3 diple? eventhough F has greater electroneg?? |
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Definition
| diple depends on charge and distance b/w atoms F-C bonds are shorter then CCl b/c Cl has a larger size so the valence will extend outward to space moreso then C--F |
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Term
| why does CH3SH have such a great diple eventhough C and S have same electroneg? |
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Definition
| lone pairs on S create a more neg atmosphere |
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Term
| How do you determine major and minor resonance contributor?*** |
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Definition
1. major will have less charges or none at all
2. electroneg can bear (+) charge and be major b/c it will have full octet, vs a positive on carbon which will have a nonfull octel of (6)
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Term
| full octets = more stability--> major resonance**** |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
metals and H+ (protons)
hint: LP=bases, all else are acids |
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Term
| the higher the pka the more basic or acidic?** |
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Definition
ACIDIC = lower PKA
hint: higher KA = more product (acid) so the lower the Pka means the higher the ka which means the more acidic
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Term
| How do you predict the direction of A-B reaction? *** |
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Definition
| Decide by looking at the neg q atom on both sides and determining which one is more stable using (Q R I O) |
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