Term
|
Definition
rhGH: Replace GH to levels appropriate for age.
Increased risk of hypoglycemia, GH antibodies, joint swelling |
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Term
|
Definition
GHRH: Similar to rhGH but can be administered intranasally
Hypoglycemia, Gh antibodies, joint swelling |
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Term
| Somatomedin C (Mescasermin) |
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Definition
Rh-IGF-1: Treatment of growth hormone resistance, if GH has no effect on growth and has low IGF-1.
Insulin-like growth factor
Hypoglycemia, AE similar to GH admin |
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Term
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Definition
Somatostatin analog: Blockade of GH release from secreting adenoma (SSTR2 and SSTR5 selective)
AE: Decrease gallbladder contractility and bile secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
Somatostatin analog: Blockade of GH release from secreting adenoma (SSTR2 and SSTR5 selective)
AE: Decrease gallbladder contractility and bile secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
Somatostatin analog: Blockade of GH release from secreting adenoma (SSTR2 and SSTR5 selective)
AE: Decrease gallbladder contractility and bile secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
Dopaminergic agonist: Blockade of GH release from secreting adenoma.
Fast Effect, unknown mechanism
Contraindicated with HTN and liver disease
Hypersomnolence and headache |
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Term
|
Definition
Dopaminergic agonist: Blockade of GH release from secreting adenoma.
Fast Effect, unknown mechanism
Contraindicated with HTN and liver disease
Hypersomnolence and headache |
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Term
| Pegvisomant (somavert=Brand) |
|
Definition
GH receptor antagonist: Binds to GH receptors without stimulating IGF-1 production
Does not require responsiveness of GH secreting tissue unlike somatostatin |
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Term
|
Definition
GnRH analog: Fertility therapy by stimulate release of endogenous levels of gonadotropic hormones
Requires anterior pituitary and ovary/testes.
Use pulsatile admin to mimic natural secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
Fertility therapy by stimulating release of endgenous levels of gonadotropic hormones.
Interupts estrogen negative feedback at hypothalamus/anteriorpituitary --> stimulates GnRH/GnH release
Cause menopausal symptoms and ovarian enlargement. |
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Term
|
Definition
Treat neurogenic diabetes insipidus.
ADH analog -> expression of AQP2
Increase activity of intestinal and uterine smooth muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
DDVAP DRug of choice for central DI
Longer duration of action than vasopressin
Increase activity of intestinal and uterine smoothmuscle |
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Term
|
Definition
Treatment of nephrogenic DI. Improves concentrating ability of kidney and decrease rate of urine formation
Overall fluid conservation is improved |
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Term
|
Definition
| Enhance effect of HCTZ for nephrogenic DI |
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Term
|
Definition
| Added to HCTZ for nephrogenic DI to decrease potassium wasting |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antagonize action of ADH via Unknown post receptor mechanism to treat SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
| ADH receptor antagonist to treat SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
| ADH receptor antagonist to treat SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
| ADH receptor antagonist to treat SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
PreOp treatment for cushing syndrome, by affecting formation of adrenal steroids.
Inhibit 11 B hydroxylase -> decrease cortisol synthesis -> increase acth |
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Term
|
Definition
PreOp treatment for cushing syndrome, by affecting formation of adrenal steroids.
Desmolase inhibitor blocks formation of all adrenocorticosteroid |
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Term
|
Definition
PreOp treatment for cushing syndrome, by affecting formation of adrenal steroids.
Inhibits 17a hydroxylation and inhibits formation of cortisol and adrenal androgens |
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Term
|
Definition
PreOp treatment for cushing syndrome, by affecting formation of adrenal steroids.
Cytotoxic agent that acts on normal and neoplastic adrenocortical cells to rapidly reduce adrenal steroids levels in blood |
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Term
|
Definition
Treatment of hyperaldosterism or Conn syndrome via antagonism of aldosterone
Dose dependent ADR including GI discomfort fatigue and impotence and gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
Treatment of hyperaldosterism or Conn syndrome via antagonism of aldosterone
Dose dependent ADR including GI discomfort fatigue and impotence and gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
| likely to replace alendronate in treating osteoporosis caued by adrenocorticosteroid. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Primary circulating thyroid hormone bound to TBG so longer half life than T3 |
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Term
|
Definition
Increase affinity for nuclear receptor (rapid action). good for fast temporary hypothyroidism.
Also good for 5'iodoinase deficient. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| porcine thyroid gland as food supplement. can not be legally used as a drug |
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Term
|
Definition
Thiamide drugs for treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Compete with thyroglobulin for Fe-O-I on thyroid peroxidase (TPO) --> decrease tyrosyl iodination.
interfers with peripheral conversion of T4 to T3. Used for pregnancy |
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Term
|
Definition
Thiamide drugs for treatment of thyrotoxicosis. Compete with thyroglobulin for Fe-O-I on thyroid peroxidase (TPO) --> decrease tyrosyl iodination
preferred for children |
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Term
|
Definition
Iodide salts.5% iodine and 10% potassium solution. large concentration suppresses release of TH prior to surgery by temporary inhibiting TPO
AE: decrease response to thioamides, increased release of TH if treatment stopped. |
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Term
|
Definition
Iodide salts.Saturated solition of KI. large concentration suppresses release of TH prior to surgery by temporary inhibiting TPO
AE: decrease response to thioamides, increased release of TH if treatment stopped. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Made in leydig cells, promotes development of male genitalia, skeletal muscle and bone |
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Term
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) |
|
Definition
| Made in situ from testosterone, promotes differentiation during development and maturation, spermatogeneis, hair maturation and prostate growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Promotes bone maturity, lack can result in early onset osteopenia and osteoporosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
Type 2-5 a-reductase inhibitors to treat BPH.
Competitive enzyme inhibitor (5a reductase required to synthesize DHT from testosterone)
Decrease libido, impotence, gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
Type 2-5 a-reductase inhibitors to treat BPH.
Competitive enzyme inhibitor (5a reductase required to synthesize DHT from testosterone)
Decrease libido, impotence, gynecomastia |
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Term
|
Definition
Long actting a1- adrenergic receptor antagonist to treat BPH.
Drug induced relaxation --> increase urinary flow
Hypotension, not goo dfor eye surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
Long actting a1- adrenergic receptor antagonist to treat BPH.
Drug induced relaxation --> increase urinary flow
Hypotension, not goo dfor eye surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
Long actting a1- adrenergic receptor antagonist to treat BPH.
Drug induced relaxation --> increase urinary flow
Hypotension, not goo dfor eye surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
Long actting a1- adrenergic receptor antagonist to treat BPH.
Drug induced relaxation --> increase urinary flow
Hypotension, not goo dfor eye surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| popular phytotherapeutic agent for BPH. unknown MOA |
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Term
|
Definition
| extract of saw palmetto, among other things. no trial to support studies |
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Term
|
Definition
Long acting GnRH used to treat prostate cancer with metastasis. Elevated concentration of GnRH downregulates receptors leading to supression of GnH. Decrease GnH -> decrease testicular androgen synthesis -> supression of testosterone dependent prostate cancer and metastases
ADR can be decreased with bicalutamide (androgen receptor blocker) |
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Term
|
Definition
Long acting GnRH used to treat prostate cancer with metastasis. Elevated concentration of GnRH downregulates receptors leading to supression of GnH. Decrease GnH -> decrease testicular androgen synthesis -> supression of testosterone dependent prostate cancer and metastases
ADR can be decreased with bicalutamide (androgen receptor blocker) |
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Term
|
Definition
ANdrogen receptor antagonist to treat prostate cancer with metastasis.
Decrease receptor-mediated effects of DHT and adrenal androgens
most AE are due to concurent use of GnRH
Warfarin issue,liver damage |
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Term
|
Definition
ANdrogen receptor antagonist to treat prostate cancer with metastasis.
Decrease receptor-mediated effects of DHT and adrenal androgens
most AE are due to concurent use of GnRH
Warfarin issue |
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Term
|
Definition
| Autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer, not responsive to testosterone deprivation |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective PDE5 inhibitor to treat ED.
Block PDE5 -> increase cGMP -> decrease Ca by promoting export outside cell or SR storage -> relaxation of corporeal arterial and sinusoidal smooth muscle -> erection
major AE headache |
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Term
|
Definition
Selective PDE5 inhibitor to treat ED.
Block PDE5 -> increase cGMP -> decrease Ca by promoting export outside cell or SR storage -> relaxation of corporeal arterial and sinusoidal smooth muscle -> erection
major AE headache |
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Term
|
Definition
Longes acting PDE5 Inhibitor
Selective PDE5 inhibitor to treat ED.
Block PDE5 -> increase cGMP -> decrease Ca by promoting export outside cell or SR storage -> relaxation of corporeal arterial and sinusoidal smooth muscle -> erection
major AE headache |
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Term
|
Definition
Synthetic PGE1 to treat ED.
PGE1 -> cAMP mediated phosphorylation and decrease the activity of voltage dependent calcium ion channels -> relaxation
Intracavernousal, intraurethral (MUSE), Gel frorm
AE: Penile pain, hematoma, priapism |
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Term
|
Definition
Reduce insulin level by promoting release of somatostatin. Also increase hepatic glucose release
increase BP and HR |
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Term
|
Definition
Long acting somatostatin analog to decrease insulin secretion
GI problems and gall stones/biliary |
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Term
|
Definition
Decrease insulin release by increasing membrane permeability to K (allows efflux)-> decrease Ca uptake -> decrease insulin
antidiuretic effects -> fluid retention (can use HCTZ) |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha glucose inhibitor to decrease insulin.
inhibits intestinal mucosal a-glucosidase -> decrease intestinal uptake of carbs in to blood -> no reactive hyperinsulinemia -> lower chance of hypoglycemia
unabsorbed carb can ferment, decrease ions, Ca, and Fe |
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Term
|
Definition
alpha glucose inhibitor to decrease insulin.
inhibits intestinal mucosal a-glucosidase -> decrease intestinal uptake of carbs in to blood -> no reactive hyperinsulinemia -> lower chance of hypoglycemia
unabsorbed carb can ferment, decrease ions, Ca, and Fe |
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Term
|
Definition
Oral Biguanide. Increase glut-1 translocation to tissue membrane -> increase utilization of glucose. increase insulin resistance -> increase autophosphorylation of IR
Also reduce hepatic glucose production.
Mainly GI AE |
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Term
|
Definition
| treat hyperglycemia by activating PPAR-y -> lead to gene expression taht facilitates the action of insulin. Insulin sensitizer. insulin sensitivity activity might be connected to adiponectin. Increase utilization of glucose. |
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Term
|
Definition
treat hyperglycemia by activating PPAR-y -> lead to gene expression taht facilitates the action of insulin. Insulin sensitizer. insulin sensitivity activity might be connected to adiponectin. Increase utilization of glucose.
Big AE: weight gain. can exacerbate CVD |
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Term
|
Definition
Amylin analog to treat hyperglycemia. decresae glucagon secretion -> decrease hepatic glucose production -> increase hepatic insulin responsiveness (due to somatostatin).
Delays gastric emptying, suppress appetite. no weight gain!
extreme risk when used with insulin. |
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Term
|
Definition
DOC due to duration of action and reduced dosing. Promotes insulin secretion. binds to potassium channel and stop K efflux -> depolarization -> more influx of Ca -> increase insulin secretion
Primary side effect hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
glucagon (GLP-1) to increase insulin secretion. Increase cAMP -> increase insertion of Glut-2 transporters -> increase glucose-induced insulin secretion
Used in patients with sulfonyl ure insensitivity
hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Delay endogenous GLP-1 Breakdown, can be used by itself or with exanatide.
Hypoglycemia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid-onset human insulin analogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid-onset human insulin analogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rapid-onset human insulin analogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extended-acting human insulin analogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extended-acting human insulin analogs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Produced by UV radiation of bread and milk |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hepatic metabolism of vit D - Primary circulating Vit D |
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Term
|
Definition
| Renal metabolism of vit d Greatest affinity for Vit D receptor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Calcium sensor mimetics -> increase sensitivity of calcium sensing parathyroid membrane proteins -> mimics increase Ca level -> decrease PTH -> decrease Ca |
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Term
|
Definition
| IV biphosphonate, rapid reduction of Blood Ca |
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Term
|
Definition
| IV biphosphonate, rapid reduction of Blood Ca |
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Term
|
Definition
| can be combined with biphosphonate to decrease Ca |
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|
Term
| synthetic Calcitriol (rocaltrol) |
|
Definition
| If problems with calcitriol for Vitamin D replcement |
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Term
|
Definition
| antagonize action of osteoclast -> decrease bone resorption |
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Term
|
Definition
selective estrogen receptor modulators.
effective only in menopausal women (easily displaced by endogenous estrogen)
lower estrogen related AE due to weaker effects
increase thrombosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Oral form 2nd gen biphosphonates, weekly admin
Directly attach to bone to resist demineralization. decrease osteoclastic mediated bone resorption. noninhibitory to osteoblast -> facilitation of bone mineralization
Mainly GI, increase risk of femur fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
Oral form 2nd gen biphosphonates, weekly admin
Directly attach to bone to resist demineralization. decrease osteoclastic mediated bone resorption. noninhibitory to osteoblast -> facilitation of bone mineralization
Mainly GI, increase risk of femur fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
injectable 2nd gen biphosphonate, can be effective for up to year
Directly attach to bone to resist demineralization. decrease osteoclastic mediated bone resorption. noninhibitory to osteoblast -> facilitation of bone mineralization
, increase risk of femur fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
injectable 2nd gen biphosphonate, can be effective for up to year
Directly attach to bone to resist demineralization. decrease osteoclastic mediated bone resorption. noninhibitory to osteoblast -> facilitation of bone mineralization
, increase risk of femur fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
Oral form 2nd gen biphosphonates, monthly admin
Directly attach to bone to resist demineralization. decrease osteoclastic mediated bone resorption. noninhibitory to osteoblast -> facilitation of bone mineralization
Mainly GI, increase risk of femur fracture |
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Term
|
Definition
| Enteric coated risedronate |
|
|
Term
| Salmon calcitonin (calcimar) |
|
Definition
can be used to treat osteoporosis by antagonizing osteoclast -> increase cAMP, as well as interfring with the membrane transport of phosphate and calcium. DOes not promote new bone growth
Rhinitis most commo cause of discontinuation |
|
|
Term
| Human calcitonin (cibacalcin) |
|
Definition
can be used to treat osteoporosis by antagonizing osteoclast -> increase cAMP, as well as interfring with the membrane transport of phosphate and calcium. DOes not promote new bone growth
Rhinitis most commo cause of discontinuation |
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Term
|
Definition
Subcutaneous. at very low levels -> new bone formation by attracting osteoblast, higher levels -> bone resorption. If stopped, bone loss can occur so must be maintained by biphosphonate
Only one approved for severe osteoporosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Combination estrogen/progestin HRT.
Conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone |
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Term
|
Definition
Combined HRT
Estradiol/drospirenone |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| HRT syntehtic conjugated estrogens |
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Term
|
Definition
| HRT natural conjugated estrogens |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| progestin only OC, 28 pills, 3 hour window, fewer side effects than combo |
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Term
|
Definition
Levonorgestrel, last 5 years
Hormonal IUDs (progesterone only)
99.9% effective |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Progestasert, last 1 year
Hormonal IUD
99.9% effective |
|
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Term
|
Definition
medroxyprogesterone, IM q 3 months
causes loss of BMD |
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Term
|
Definition
| Levonogestrel (2pills) 72 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
| morning after pill. ulipristal acetate. 120 hours. 1 pill |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hormonal abortives.block of progesterone causes uterine lining to shed, aborting implanted fetus. |
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Term
|
Definition
Standard, triphasic 21/7
Norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol |
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Term
|
Definition
Low, monophasic 24/4
Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol |
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Term
|
Definition
Low, monophais FE 21/7
Norethindrone/ethynil estradiol |
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Term
|
Definition
Low-low, biphasic 26/2
Norethindrone/ethyynil estradiol |
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|
Term
|
Definition
low, monophasic 84/7
levonogestrel/ethynil estradiol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Low, monophasic folate 21/7
Drospirenone/ethinyl estradiol |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Ethonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| norelgestromin/ethinyl estradiol |
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|
