Term
| What is enamel hypoplasia? |
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Definition
| Incomplete or defective formation of the organic enamel matrix of teeth |
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Term
| What are the environmental causes of enamel hypoplasia? |
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Definition
- Turner's tooth
- Exanthematous diseases in first 2 years of life
- Antineoplastic therapy
- Nutritional deficiency
- Congenital syphilis
- Hypocalcemia
- Ingestion of chemicals chiefly fluoride
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Term
|
Definition
| Trauma or infection of a primary tooth over an unerupted permanent tooth |
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Term
| Congenital syphilis causes malformed teeth. What are they? |
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Definition
| Screwdriver shaped hutchinson's incisors and mulberry molars |
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Term
| Which teeth are usually involved if enamel hypoplasia occurs the first 2 years of life? |
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Definition
| Anteriors and first molars |
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Term
| The cuspids, bicuspids and second molars are involved if enamel hypoplasia occurs at what age? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are other clinical features of enamel hypoplasia? |
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Definition
- Numerous parallel vertical wrinkles or grooves
- May or may not show discoloration
- Enamel hypocalcification
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Term
| When do the crown of deciduous and permanent teeth develop? |
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Definition
| 14 weeks to 1 year and 6 months to 5 years respectively |
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Term
| What is enamel hypocalcification? |
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Definition
| Diffuse or demarcated white opacities due to defective mineralization of the formed matrix |
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Term
| Enamel hypocalcification causes enamel to stain what color? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are other clinical features of enamel hypocalcification? |
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Definition
-
Stains tend to increase with age
-
Soft enamel abrades easily
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Not caries susceptible
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Low mineral content but high organic content
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Term
| What is dental fluorosis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What causes dental fluorosis? |
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Definition
| Ingestion of excess fluoride during tooth development |
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Term
| When is dental fluorosis most critical? |
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Definition
| Second and third years of life |
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Term
| What is the ideal concentration of fluoride for caries reduction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Chalky white mottling and enamel hypocalcification first occur at what concentration of fluoride? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Enamel may wear or fracture easily at what concentration of fluoride? |
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Definition
| Severe enamel pigmentation also occurs at > 5 ppm |
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Term
|
Definition
| Physiologic wearing away of tooth structure as a result of tooth to tooth contact |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pathologic wearing away of tooth structure by abnormal mechanical processes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What do abrasions look like? |
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Definition
-
Usually sharply defined
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V shaped or notched
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Abfraction usually affects which teeth? |
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Definition
| Facial side of bicuspids and molars |
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Term
| What are other clinical features of abfraction? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Loss of tooth structure by a non bacterial chemical action |
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Term
| What causes non carious dental erosion? |
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Definition
-
Dietary
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Medicinal
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Regurgitational
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Occupational
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Term
|
Definition
| Erosion secondary to gastric secretions |
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Term
| What are examples of medicinal causes of erosion? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Removal of tooth (usually root) structure by physiologic processes of adjacent tissue |
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Term
| What causes internal resorption? |
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Definition
| Pulpal injury such as physical trauma or caries related pulpitis |
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Term
| What causes external resorption? |
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Definition
| Associated with cells in the periodontal ligament |
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Term
| What are clinical features of internal resorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Internal resorption causes crown to display a pink discoloration. What is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
| External resorption affects what percentage of all teeth? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does external resorption occur? |
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Definition
-
Cervical
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Midroot
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Apex
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Impacted teeth
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Term
| External resorption may appear as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What factors are associated with external resorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the pathologic lesions associated with external resorption? |
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Definition
-
Inflammation
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Infection
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Tumors or cysts
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Systemic bone disease
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Term
| How do you treat external resorption? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do you treat internal resorption? |
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Definition
-
Root canal therapy
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Or extraction
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Term
| What is pulp calcification and stones? |
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Definition
| Calcified tissue formed within pulp tissue |
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Term
| What do erosions look like? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small localized masses of calcified tissue resembling dentinal tubules |
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Term
| What are other clinical features of true denticles? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are "free" true denticles? |
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Definition
| Does not appear to be attached to dentinal wall |
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Term
| What are "attached" true denticles? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are false denticles? |
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Definition
| Localized masses of calcified tissue with NO dentinal tubules |
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Term
| What is another name for false denticles? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are other clinical features of false denticles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are other clinical features of pulp calcification and stones? |
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Definition
-
Incidence increases with age
-
Probably do not cause pain
-
May cause mechanical interference during root canal therapy
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Most cementicles are what type of calcification? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Cementicles are most commonly formed by what? |
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Definition
| Calcification of epithelial rests |
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Term
| What are extrinsic stains? |
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Definition
| Stain formed on outside (surface) of tooth |
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Term
| Source of extrinsic stains include what? |
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Definition
-
Bacterial stains
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Tobacco
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Tea
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Coffee use
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Restorative stains
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|
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Term
| What are examples of restorative stains? |
|
Definition
-
Amalgam
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Gingival hemorrhage
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Medication
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Stannous fluoride
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Chlorhexidine
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Term
| Most extrinsic stains are easily removed by what? |
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Definition
| Scaling and/or coronal polishing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Common extrinsic stain of dental biofilm |
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Term
| What are other clinical features of tobacco stain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Tobacco stain forms what? |
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Definition
| Tar and products of combustion |
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Term
| Where is tobacco stain is located? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yellowish dull discoloration of dental biofilm |
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|
Term
| Yellow stain is common at what age? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes yellow stain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is black stain located? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Black stain follows contour of gingival crest. What is it called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Black stain occurs at what age? |
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Definition
-
All ages
-
More in childhood
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|
|
Term
| Black stain is more common in which sex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other clinical features of black stain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of microorganisms are usually found in black stain? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive rods or other bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does green stain occur? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Green stain affects what age group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Pigmentation of enamel cuticle or nasmyth's membrane
-
Chromogenic bacteria or fungus
-
Bacterial enzymes or blood pigments
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|
|
Term
| What may be associated with green stain? |
|
Definition
| Decalcification of underlying enamel |
|
|
Term
| What are clinical features of betel leaf stain? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does orange stain occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might cause orange stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes black metallic stains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes green metallic stains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are other clinical features of metallic stains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes intrinsic stains? |
|
Definition
| Pigment deposition inside tooth during tooth development |
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|
Term
| What are examples of intrinsic stains? |
|
Definition
-
Non vital teeth
-
Aging
-
Erythroblastosis fetalis
-
Biliary atresia
-
Congenital porphyria
-
Tetracycline
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|
|
Term
| What color are nonvital teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythroblastosis fetalis causes teeth to stain what color? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythroblastosis fetalis may be associated with what other tooth abnormality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Biliary atresia causes what intrinsic stain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are clinical features of congenital porphyria? |
|
Definition
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