Term
| how can good oral hygiene prevent heart disease? |
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Definition
| bad oral hygiene triggers the liver to make CRP - which is an inflammatory protein that has systemic effects. in general: anything that interferes with the normal functioning of dentition in the oral cavity causes problems for other systems throughout the body |
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Term
| what are applications of forensic odontology? |
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Definition
| bite mark analysis, identification, and dental malpractice |
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Term
| how many primary/deciduous teeth are there? permanent/adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the upper and lower teeth called? |
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Definition
| upper: maxillary, lower: mandibular |
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Term
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Definition
| gum disease/periodontitis |
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Term
| how long is the mixed dentition stage? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the 2 teeth between the canines and the molars |
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Term
| *do primary teeth have premolars/third molars?* what about permanent teeth? |
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Definition
| primary teeth do not have premolars, permanent teeth do |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| some teeth are missing (for ex - people w/out wisdom teeth) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the most common teeth to be missing in order of incidence? |
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Definition
| *missing third molars are the most common, followed by the lateral incisors and the second premolars |
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Term
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Definition
| a smaller, rudimentary tooth "peg lateral" |
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Term
| what are supernumerary teeth? what do they resemble? who and when are they usually found? |
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Definition
| additional tooth buds, often mesiodens (75% midline between incisors) or failed eruptions, they are generally part of the permanent teeth, found in males and 98% in the maxillary |
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Term
| what is cleidocrandial dysostosis? |
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Definition
| multiple supernumerary teeth, which gardner's syndrome is also marked by |
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Term
| what are the layers of a tooth? |
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Definition
| enamel, dentin, pulp (encases nerve). the root has a cementum and periodontal ligament layer |
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Term
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Definition
| a gum boil, where infections of teeth fistulate out - can lead to acute cellulitis in other parts of the body |
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Term
| what is the most prevalent human disease in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| *what 3 things are needed for tooth decay to occur?* |
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Definition
| plaque, sugar, and *streptococci mutans* (in sufficient quantities). strep mutans has glucosyl transferase which can polymerize glucose and give off lactic acid |
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Term
| what did john pemberton do? |
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Definition
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Term
| if there were no fermentable sugars in your diet would you get cavities? |
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Definition
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Term
| why is honey worse for your teeth? |
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Definition
| its stickier and has more sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| early childhood caries or nursing bottle syndrome - due to kids sleeping w/a bottle in their mouth |
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Term
| how does xylitol help prevent tooth decay? |
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Definition
| it interferes with the metabolic processes of strep mutans |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the acronym associated with meth mouth (but not every time)? |
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Definition
| ANUG - acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis |
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Term
| what things can cause enamel erosion? |
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Definition
| bulimia, purging, GERD, soda, citric acid |
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Term
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Definition
| when the filliform papillae don't shed quickly |
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Term
| what is the rule of thumb for examining lingual tonsils? |
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Definition
| if bilaterally enlarged - probably normal, if unilaterally - perhaps some area for concern |
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Term
| what are torus palatinus/mandibularis? |
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Definition
| bone extrusions on the upper and lower parts of the mouth - nonpathogenic |
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Term
| what is a pleomorphic adenoma? |
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Definition
| a benign mixed growth tumor of the salivary glands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most common oral ulceration? what is the cause? how are they classified? where are they found? |
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Definition
| an aphthous or canker, which is thought to be an auto-immune process and classified as minor (smaller than 1 cm), major, or herpetiform (more numerous/vesicular). they are found on *non-keratinized surfaces* |
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Term
| are aphthous ulcers thought to be related to HSV? |
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Definition
| no, they are thought to be related to crohn's, allergies, zinc deficiency and a type IV hypersensitivity (delayed) rxn |
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Term
| are cold sores thought to be related to HSV? how are they spread? |
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Definition
| yes, HSV-1/2 - thought to be spread via kissing |
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Term
| can you get shingles in the mouth? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is palatal erythema possibly? |
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Definition
| the differential includes: traumatic injury, thermal burn, infectious mono, blood dyscrasia, cancer - but make sure its not from abusive oral sex |
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Term
| can a tongue barbell cause a pyogenic granuloma? |
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Definition
| yes (which is an overgrowth of granulation tissue) |
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Term
| can pregnancy cause a pyogenic granuloma? |
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Definition
| yes, they are known as "pregnancy tumors" |
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Term
| how does infectious mononucleousis present in the mouth? |
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Definition
| as red dotted erythema and tonsilitis - also systemically: sore throat, headache, chills, cough, and nausea |
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Term
| how can syphilis manifest itself in the mouth? |
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Definition
| a primary, secondary or tertitary chancre/gumma that may form an oral-nasal fistula |
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Term
| what can congenital syphilis result in? |
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Definition
| *hutchinsons or screwdriver shaped incisors* OR "mulberry molars" (air pockets in the enamel) |
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Term
| how does kaposi sarcoma manifest in the mouth? what virus causes it? |
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Definition
| dark purplish brown patches and it is due to HHV* |
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Term
| what is nicotinic stomatitis? how bad is it? |
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Definition
| keratinized whitish tissue on the upper palate due to *pipe smoking*. it is reversible and *not pre-malignant |
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Term
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Definition
| candida - an infection usually related to an immunocompromised state |
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Term
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Definition
| a whitish plaque on the gums due to tobacco chewing, it *is pre-malignant* |
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Term
| what can a SCC on the tongue resemble? |
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Definition
| a lingual tonsil, however SCC tends to be painful and may include a neck mass (they can be in other parts of the mouth too) |
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Term
| why is a freckle on the lip a cause for concern? |
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Definition
| the lip shouldn't have pigment in it - so melanoma needs to be r/o |
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