Term
| Unwanted effects of extinction |
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Definition
Extinction burst
Spontaneous recovery
Resurgence
Accidental reinforcement
Extinction induced variability
Aggression
Resistance to extinction |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in frequency and magnitude of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavioral effect in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely |
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Term
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Definition
| Reoccurrence of previously reinforced behavior when reinforcement for an alternative behavior is terminated or decreased |
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Term
| Operant vs respondent extinction |
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Definition
Operant- discontinuing reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior
Respondent- conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus until the conditioned stimulus gradually loses its ability to elicit the conditioned response |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior changes that last over time, appear in different settings, or environments, and/or occur with other individuals |
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Term
| Stimulus and response generalization |
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Definition
Stimulus- having the same response to different stimuli
Response- having different responses to the same stimuli that result in the same consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| Responding to the SD and not the Sdelta |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching a response in the presence of the SD by providing reinforcement for correct responding and not for the incorrect response (Sdelta) |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus becomes conditioned and elicits a conditioned response |
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Term
| Draw the operant conditioning paradigm |
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Definition
US -> UR
NS + US -> UR
NS does not -> UR
NS=CS
CS -> CR |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic process by which operant learning occurs. Consequences result in an increased or decreased frequency of the same type of behavior under similar motivational and environmental conditions in the future |
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Term
| Draw operant conditioning paradigm |
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Definition
| S -> R -> S then increase or decrease |
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Term
| Contingency shaped behavior |
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Definition
| Behavior that is under the control of the consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior that is controlled by the statement of a rule. Occurs because of the history of reinforcement or punishment with rule following |
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Term
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Definition
| An experimental analysis that involves manipulating consequences in order to determine the function of a behavior |
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Term
| List the single subject designs |
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Definition
| Alternating treatments, changing criterion, multiple baseline, reversal, withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| A research design in which the subject serves as their own control |
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Term
| Limitations of reversal design |
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Definition
| May be unethical to remove an effective treatment, does not work if behavior is irreversible |
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Term
| Limitations of multiple baseline design |
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Definition
| Might have to wait to receive an effective treatment, might only be teaching the skill in one setting. Extended baseline. |
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Term
| Limitations of alternating treatments design |
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Definition
| Possible carryover affects, multiple treatment interference |
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Term
| Limitations of changing criterion design |
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Definition
| the target behavior must already be in the subject's repertoire and that the necessary features of the design may impede the natural learning rate |
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Term
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Definition
Prediction- predict that baseline would continue at similar rates if no intervention were implemented
Verification- prediction is verified in the return to baseline condition when the rates of behavior are similar to those in original baseline
Replication- is in the replication of the effect of the treatment |
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Term
| Social, internal, and external validity |
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Definition
Social- degree to which goals and outcomes are significant to the individual and stakeholder
Internal- Degree to which treatment was responsible for the behavior change
External- Degree to which the findings generalize to other individuals, settings, or behaviors |
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Term
| Accuracy, reliability, validity |
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Definition
Accuracy- The true value, does it match what occurred
Reliability- The consistency of measure
Validity- Measuring what you intended to measure |
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Term
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Definition
| The degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcing successive approximations to the terminal behavior. Involves reinforcement and extinction |
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Term
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Definition
M- demonstrating the target response
I- Engaging in the behavior that was just modeled |
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Term
| Parameters of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Magnitude, quality, immediacy, schedule |
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Term
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Definition
| Writing the contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in a contract explicitly for the parties involved. All parties sign the agreement to adhere to the outlined contingencies |
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Term
| Independent group contingency |
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Definition
| Reinforcement for each person in the group is dependent on that person meeting the specified criteria |
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Term
| Dependent group contingency |
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Definition
| Reinforcement for entire group is contingent on one person in the group meeting a specified criteria |
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Term
| Interdependent group contingency |
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Definition
| Reinforcement for the entire group is contingent upon every member of the group meeting a specified criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching in a natural environment under naturally occurring contingencies. Includes contriving situations that allow for teaching opportunities |
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Term
| Level, trend, variability |
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Definition
Level- rate at which behavior occurs
Trend- Direction of data path
Variability- Instability of responding |
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Term
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Definition
| Analysis of behavior that considers private events as behavior, stating that these private events can be measured via correlate behaviors |
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Term
| Methodological behaviorism |
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Definition
| Analysis of behavior that discounts private events as behavior |
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Term
| 7 dimensions of behavior analysis |
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Definition
Applied
Behavioral
Analysis
Technological
Conceptually systematic
Generality
Effective |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of socially significant behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The behavior chosen must be the behavior in need of improvement and it must be observable and measurable |
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Term
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Definition
| The experimenter has demonstrated a functional relation |
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Term
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Definition
| All experiments and interventions should be described with sufficient detail for replication |
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Term
| 7D- Conceptually systematic |
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Definition
| Behavior change interventions are derived from basic principles of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The procedure can be expanded to other participants, behaviors, or settings |
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Term
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Definition
| Determinism, empiricism, experimentation, replication, parsimony, philosophic doubt |
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Term
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Definition
| The universe is a lawful and orderly place, events happen as a result of other events |
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Term
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Definition
| The practice of objective observation of the phenomena of interest |
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Term
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Definition
| Carefully controlled comparison of 2 or more conditions in which one is manipulated to determine if functional relation exists |
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Term
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Definition
| Repeating an experiment or conditions within an experiment to strengthen internal validity and demonstrate generality |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule out simple or logical explanations before considering more complex explanations |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific knowledge is tentative and should be continually questioned |
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Term
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Definition
Behavior is more or less likely to occur in the presence of a particular stimulus than in the absence of that stimulus because of the history of reinforcement or punishment.
Is established when an SD signals that reinforcement is available because it has been paired with a consequence enough times so that we can say the SD has control over the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| An environmental variable with behavior altering and value altering effects |
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Term
| Value and behavior altering effects |
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Definition
Value- Increases or decreases the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness
Behavior- Increases or decreases the frequency of the behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that signals the availability or reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| The consequence depends on the occurrence of a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The assumption that a inner dimension exists as well as a behavior dimension. Relies on explanatory fictions and hypothetical constructs as causes for occurrence of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific change in the dependent variable is produced by manipulating the independent variable that was unlikely the result of any other factors |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of assessment that involves using indirect and direct assessment tools in order to develop a hypothesis about the functions of behavior |
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Term
| State and define the Measurable dimensions of behavior |
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Definition
Repeatability- how many times a behavior occurs
Temporal extent- amount of time the behavior occurs
Temporal locus- dimension of behavior as it is related to another point in time |
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Term
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Definition
| change in rate of responding over time |
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Term
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Definition
| The process pf breaking a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units |
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Term
| 3 elements of informed consent |
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Definition
| Capacity, information, voluntariness |
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Term
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Definition
| Deemed by the court. Person must be 18 or older and capable of speaking for themselves, or if they need someone to speak for them |
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Term
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Definition
| Ensuring that purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, and limits of confidentiality have been explained |
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Term
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Definition
| The participants involved are there at their own will and they can withdraw at any time |
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Term
| Limits of confidentiality |
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Definition
| insurance/payment purposes, mandated reporter |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic research in controlled settings that is an empirical investigation using arbitrary behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of socially significant behavior change and how environmental stimuli affect behavior |
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Term
| Using the principles of behavior in a realistic setting, not necessarily concerned with why intervention worked |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Everything except the moving parts of the organism involved in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| The activity of living organisms resulting in a measurable change in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific instance of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| An energy change within the environment that produces a change in the organisms behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of responses that produce the same effect on the evironment/ evoke the same environment |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of stimuli that share common elements and evoke the same response |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching a behavior chain. The product of each step serves to reinforce the previous step and provide SD to next step |
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Term
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Definition
| An operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to emit the response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in space and time, can be emitted at nearly any time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Teaching procedure that allows the learner to engage in the terminal response with minimal errors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A participant will make a response to a present sample stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| System where individuals earn generalized conditioned reinforcers as an immediate consequence for specific behaviors and then exchange the tokens for back up reinforcers |
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Term
| Functional communication training |
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Definition
| An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavior that has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the change itself because it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses, and stimulus control |
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Term
| Limitations of a withdrawal design |
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Definition
| No second treatment phase, weak functional analysis, might not be getting an effective treatment if experiment is just left in baseline |
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Term
| Unwanted effects of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Prompt dependency, limited generalization, decrease in target behavior in other settings, increase in undesirable behaviors in the same response class, decrease in desirable behaviors in the same response class |
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Term
| Plan for unwanted side effects of reinforcement |
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Definition
Have a plan to thin schedule of reinforcement
Teach multiple correct responses
Vary teaching setting/ teach for generalization |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduction in the rate of target behavior resulting from an increase in the ratio of reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixed schedules produce post-reinforcement pauses, where responses will briefly cease immediately following reinforcement, pause is due to upcoming response requirement rather than the prior reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Looks like staircase |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Scalloped responding |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
VR is high, steep |
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Term
| Variable interval drawing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| That behavior happens as the result of other behaviors and stimuli in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides explanation for how people as individuals and people as groups change over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Approach to assess the truth of meaning of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application. |
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Term
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Definition
| A physical or verbal stimulus used to evoke a response |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior that immediately precedes it because of prior pairing with one or more reinforcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior that immediately precedes it because of prior pairing with one or more punishers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior that immediately precedes it without prior pairing with other punishers. |
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Term
Automatic reinforcement
Automatic punishment |
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Definition
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Reinforcement: Reinforcement that occurs independent of social mediation, in that the response product occurs without the action of another person.
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Punishment: Punishment that occurs independent of social mediation in that it the response product occurs without the action of another person |
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Term
| Unconditioned motivating operations |
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Definition
| Environmental variable in which value-altering effects are unlearned |
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Term
| Difference between MO and SD |
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Definition
SD signals the availability of reinforcement
MO has a value altering effect on reinforcement |
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Term
| Distinguish between MO and SR effects |
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Definition
MO is antecedent, increase effectiveness of a reinforcer
Reinforcer is consequence, increases future frequency of a behavior
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Term
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Definition
| Any other behavior that is not the target behavior receives reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| Teach an alternative behavior to the target behavior, reinforce the occurrence of the replacement behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforce a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously with the target behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement is provided for behavior that occurs at or below a previously determined criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforcement is provided for behavior that occurs at or above a previously determined criteria |
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Term
| Non-contingent reinforcement |
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Definition
| NCR is time based response independent intervention. |
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Term
| Evaluating the effectiveness of a behavioral program |
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Definition
Treatment integrity
Operational definition
Function of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Responding to the SD and not the Sdelta, tight stimulus control |
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Term
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Definition
| Extent to which the learner can issue a behavior that is functionally equal to the behavior. Stimuli that occasion novel responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Having the same response to different stimuli. Loose stimulus control |
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