Term
|
Definition
| drug can resist degradation by stomach acid |
|
|
Term
| What is absorption in relation to drugs? |
|
Definition
| how well a drug is taken up by the body |
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|
Term
| penicillin V potassium (VK) spectrum of activity/what it is used to treat |
|
Definition
narrow spectrum: Strep, Enterococcus faecalis, gram+ anaerobes, oral anaerobes
uses: Group A strep pharyngitis/tonsilitis, oral cavity infections |
|
|
Term
| penicillin VK dosage, dosage forms, and instructions to the patient |
|
Definition
typically q6h
children 25-50mg/kg/day
adults: 125-500mg
adjustment necessary in renal impairment
tablet or suspension
take on empty stomach, poor taste
mild GI effects (N/V, diarrhea) |
|
|
Term
| dicloxacillin spectrum and uses |
|
Definition
spectrum: MSSA, GAS, GBS
uses: cellulitis, mild infections, step-down from IV meds
not used very frequently |
|
|
Term
| dicloxacillin doses, forms, and patient instructions |
|
Definition
q6h
children 25-50 mg/kg/d
adults 125-500mg
capsule or suspension
take on an empty stomach
mild GI side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unavailable in US
historical interest
prodrug of ampicillin which made it more stable |
|
|
Term
| amoxicillin spectrum of activity and uses |
|
Definition
unavailable in US
Strep and Enterococcus, Salmonella, H. influenzae, E.coli, Proteus, Shigella (SHEPS)
uses: CAP, pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, UTI, dental prophylaxis
very penicillinase susceptible |
|
|
Term
| amoxicillin dose, instructions to patient |
|
Definition
bioavailability 80-90%
children: 25-50mg/kg/day or 80-90mg/kg/day divided q8h
adults:250-500mg q8h or 875mg q12h
capsule, tablet, chew tab, suspension
take without regard to food
less diarrhea than ampicillin |
|
|
Term
| amoxicillin extended released (ER) |
|
Definition
775mg daily
three components (one immediate-release, two delayed-release)
administer within 1 hr of a meal |
|
|
Term
| amoxicillin/clavulonic acid (Augmentin) |
|
Definition
beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor
spectrum: amoxicillin + MSSA, Klebsiella, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, E.coli, Bacteroides (anaerobe)
uses: best oral penicillin for upper respiratory infections, SSTI, UTI
take with food
higher liklihood of GI upset, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PO
unavailable in US
historical interest
bioavailabiltiy 30-40%
UTIs only |
|
|
Term
| What are the first generation oral cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1st generation cephalosporin spectrum of activity and uses |
|
Definition
spectrum: Strep, MSSA, PEcK (Proteus mirabilis, E.coli, Klebsiella), mostly gram+, a little gram-
uses:SSTI, Strep pharyngitis, URTI, uncomplicated UTI |
|
|
Term
| extended spectrum cephalosporin clinical uses |
|
Definition
SSTI (skin and soft tissue infections)
UTI (mostly 3rd gen)
CAP (those w/ greater gram+ activity)
acute bronchitis
acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
pharyngitis
sinusitis
otitis media |
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