Term
Sulfonylureas
Uses, Actions & Duration |
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Definition
Hyperglycemia in type II diabeters
Stimulates release of insulin and increases sensitivity to
1st gen - varies / 2nd gen - 24 hours |
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Term
Sulfonylureas
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia.
Weight Gain.
Skin Rash.
GI Distress. |
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Term
Sulfonylureas
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
Give 15-30 minutes before meals/food.
No ETOH with 1st gen. |
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Term
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Definition
Hyperglycemia in type II diabetes patients who have adjusted their diet.
Decreases hepatic glucose output & enhance peripheral glucose uptake |
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Term
Biguanides
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
GI Disturbances (including anorexia).
Weight loss.
Metallic taste.
Lactic acidosis. |
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Term
Biguanides
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
Take with meals/food, take care with dosage when taking Lasix.
Contraindication in acute CHF, MI, CV collapse, renal/resp failure, sepsis.
Withhold for 48 hours prior to any test using iodine. Take care in patients with hypoxemia, dehydration and hypoperfusion. Monitor for signs of lactic acidosis - hyperventilation, myalgia, malaise, somnolence and abdominal distress. |
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Term
Nonsulfonylureas/Meglitnides
Uses, Actions & Duration |
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Definition
Hyperglycemia in patients who have adjusted their diet & exercise routine.
Stimulates release of insulin by opening calcium channels.
4 hours. |
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Term
Nonsulfonylureas/Meglitnides
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia.
Weight gain. |
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Term
Nonsulfonylureas/Meglitnides
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
| Take about 15 minutes prior to meals. Omit meds when skipping meals. |
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Term
Alpha-glycosidase Inhibitors
Uses, Actions & Duration |
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Definition
Hyperglycemia in patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled by diet alone.
Works in the small intestine by slowing carbohydrate breakdown & glucose absorption.
2-4 hours. |
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Term
Alpha-glycosidase Inhibitors
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Flatulence.
Abdominal pain.
diarrhea.
Increased LFTs. |
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Term
Alpha-glycosidase Inhibitors
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
Take with 1st bite at meals.
Teach how to treat hypoglycemia if given with insulin or sulfonulureas.
Contraindicated with any disorder with marked decrease intestinal absortption and renal failure. |
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Term
Thiasol-inediones
Uses & Actions |
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Definition
Hyperglycemia in type II diabetes patients currently on insulin.
Decreases insulin resistance & improves sensitivity. |
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Term
Thiasol-inediones
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Mild to moderate edema.
Weight gain.
CHF. |
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Term
Thiasol-inediones
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
Give without regard to meals & check weights and check for edema, vitals, I&O, lung sounds, LFTs and lipid levels.
Do not give to patients with liver disease. |
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Term
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Uses & Actions |
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Definition
| Hyperglycemia in type II diabetes patients who have adjusted their diet & exercise routine. |
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Term
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
Hypoglycemia when taken with sulfonylurea.
Pancreatitis. |
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Term
DPP-4 Inhibitors
Precautions & Nursing Considerations |
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Definition
If taken with another oral anti-diabetic, must monitor for hypoglycemia.
Dosages must be adjusted in patients with renal disease. |
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