Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Omega=A/r^2
Omega=4pi*sin^2(1/2theta) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A point on a wavefront is its own source |
|
|
Term
| Fermat's Principle of Least Time |
|
Definition
| Light follows the path which results in the least travel time |
|
|
Term
| Definition of refractive index |
|
Definition
speed of light under vacuum
------------------------------
speed of light in material |
|
|
Term
| Principle of Reversibility |
|
Definition
| rays can be reversed and situation is still valid |
|
|
Term
Reflection:
specular
diffuse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can be projected on a screen, can be observed directly, light rays touch the image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cant be projected, observed indirectly (eg by eye) light rays never touch the image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s
object on same side as incoming light correlates to positive sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s'
image on same side as outgoing light correlates to positive sign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If center of curvature is on the same side as outgoing light +r otherwise -r |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sin(theta)=theta
cos(theta)=1
tan(theta)=theta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| f(x)=f(a)+(f'(a)(x-a))/1!+(f''(a)(x-a))/2!.... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
m=(-n1*s')/(n2*s)
n1 is where light is coming coming from, n2 is where light is headed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For multiple surfaces or chained optics, the image from one step becomes the object for the next |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/f=(n2-n1)/n1 * (1/R1-1/R2) |
|
|
Term
| Total Internal Reflection |
|
Definition
| n1 refraction
n1>n2 => total internal reflection
theta refraction
theta>theta_c => Total Internal Reflection |
|
|
Term
| Thick lenses vs. Thin Lenses |
|
Definition
diameter of lens << thickness of lense
then thick
diameter of lens >> thickness of lense
then thin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2 focal points f1, f2
2 principle points r,s
2 nodal points v,w |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incoming rays // to principle axis intersect line of outgoing ray from same ray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point where // incoming and outgoing rays lines intersect the principle axis |
|
|
Term
| distances for a thick lens |
|
Definition
| All distances (s's f's, etc) are relative to the principle planes of the lens |
|
|
Term
| When does the thin lense equations apply to thick lenses? |
|
Definition
| When n=n'=1, in other words, there is air on both sides of the lense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(y) <= height above optical axis
(alpha) <= angle from // to optical axis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[1 L] => [1 L][ y_i ] = [ y_f ]
[0 1] => [0 1][alpha_i] = [alpha_f] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
[ y_i ] = [ y_f ]
[alpha_i] = M1*M2*M3 = [alpha_f]
M1= 1st refraction matrix
M2= translation matrix
M3= 2nd refraction matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Right Prism
Dove Prism
Penta Prism
Porro Prism |
|
|
Term
| Dispersion of Light through a Prism |
|
Definition
| Light is split into colors, blue light is bent more than red, n depends on wavelength |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vd=(nd-1)/(nf-nc)
where nd is n at the helium d line
nf is n at the hydrogen F line
and nc is at the hydrogen C line
Large Vd => less dispersive
General rule: low n => high Vd
Low Abbe # bends light a lot, high not as much. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| n(lamda)=A + B/(lamda)^2 + C/(lamda)^4+... |
|
|
Term
| Limits to Cauchy Equation |
|
Definition
1. Normal Dispersion Only
2. Visible light only (UV&IR absorb too much)
3. Empiracal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short wavelengths are slower than long wavelengths. Strictly increasing E_r(w) with increasing w |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short wavelengths are faster than long wavelengths. E_r(w) goes down as Epsilon_r goes up. |
|
|
Term
| Limits of Selmeier Equation |
|
Definition
1. Transparent media only
2. Nonphysical solutions at absorption positions (n^2 -> infinity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pitchfork=Asin(kx-wt)
or
pitchfork=Asin(k dot r -wt)
or
pitchfork=Ae^i(kx-wt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pitchfork=(A/r)e^i(kr-wt)
Power ~A^2/r^2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pitchfork=A/sqrt(r) * e^i(kr-wt) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
z_R=(pi*w0^2)/lamda
distance at which w=w0*sqrt(2) |
|
|
Term
| Bougver-Lambert-Beer Absorption Law |
|
Definition
I(x)=I(0)*e^(-a*x)
where x is the distance into the material and a is the absorption coefficient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Add irradiances
(E0)^2=N*(E0_1)^2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. In thermal equilibrium with its surroundings
2. ideal absorber and emitter
3. perfect Lambertian source |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
furnace with a hole in it
cosmic microwave background
Humans
Sun
Earth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
As temperature increases, shift towards the blue.
As temperature decreases, shift towards the red |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lamda_peak=sigma/T= (stefan-boltzmann constant)/Temp(K) [K*m] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spontaneous Emmision
Stimulated Emission |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spontaneous Absorption
Stimulated Absorption |
|
|
Term
| Lasers depend on this property |
|
Definition
| Population Inversion N'>N |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
E=1 => blackbody
E<1 => gray body
E=M/M_bb |
|
|
Term
| Constructive interference |
|
Definition
| delta=theta2-theta1=2m*pi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delta=theta2-theta1=(2m+1)*pi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| V=(Emax-Emin)/(Emax+Emin) |
|
|
Term
| Young's Double Slit Experiment |
|
Definition
a is the spacing between the slits
L is the distance between the slits and the screen
y is the distance above/below the axis m is the order of fringe |
|
|
Term
Film Interference:
Contructive
Destructive |
|
Definition
Delta_tot=Delta_p+Delta_r=m(lamda) bright
Delta_tot=Delta_p+Delta_r=(m+1/2)*lamda dark |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused either by a thin triangle gap between 2 plates or a thin slice such as a carbide blade
white light input => rainbow like colors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plane lense in direct contact with a convex lense causes fringes in circular patterns at the contact point |
|
|
