Term
| cloudy vision, eye ache and/or headache, increased IOP, nausea and vomiting |
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Definition
acute angle closure glaucoma
(do an orbital CT on these pts) |
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Term
| most common cause of acute angle glaucoma |
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Definition
| pupillary block, hyperopia, meds (sulfa derived), tumors |
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Term
| cornea becomes edematous, less transparent, hazy cornea, complains of foggy vision, halos. on PE- hazy cornea, mid-dilated, non-reactive pupil. IOP as high as 50mm. swelling of optic disc. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| treatment for acute angle glaucoma |
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Definition
-topical alpha-agonist
-topical beta blockers
-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
-prostaglandin analogs
-miotic agents
-recheck IOP hourly, initially
-optho consult IMMEDIATELY |
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Term
most common cause of acute reduction in vision because of optic nerve dysfunction in 20-40 year olds.
-women> men.
- painful rapid vision loss, especially with eye movement
-color vision changes |
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Definition
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Term
| treatment for optic neuritis |
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Definition
-none to IV steroids, not PO
-MRI of the brain
-optho stat
-neuro stat
-methylprednisolone 250mg IV QIDx3 days, then oral |
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|
Term
-sudden, profound, PAINLESS, monocular vision loss
-retina is pale, edematous, transparent
-"CHERRY RED SPOT" |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some causes of CRAO? |
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Definition
-embolus
-giant cell arteritis
-vasculitis
-sickle cell
-trauma |
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|
Term
| as far as damage to the eye... |
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Definition
-retina= irreversible damage in 90 min
of a total occluded vessel
-IOP lower drugs
-breathing into paper bag
-Stat Optho |
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Term
| painless, loss of vision, monocular, rapid. causes venous stasis, edema, hemorrhage. shows optic disc edema, retinal hemorrhages. "COTTON WOOL SPOTS" 90% pts over 50yo |
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Definition
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|
Term
| sudden, unilateral painless, visual field defect, may have normal vision. shows tortuous retinal veins, COTTON WOOL SPOTS. macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage |
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Definition
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|
Term
caused by EMBOLI, usually in the elderly, HTN, carotid disease, DM, cardiac valve disease
-sudden, unilateral, painless, partial loss of vision |
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Definition
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|
Term
sx- HA, fever, malaise, scalp tenderness, weight loss, jaw claudication, amaurosis fugax, diplopia, eye pain
->55yo
-other eye involved in 75% of cases within 2 weeks without tx |
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Definition
| giant cell (temporal) arteritis |
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Term
| pt will have swollen, tender, temporal artery, cotton wool spots, CN palsy |
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Definition
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Term
| -acute onset of photopsias, floaters, shade or cob web, shadow or curtain across the visual field, decreased vision, may be asymptomatic. IOP IS LOWERED IN THE AFFECTED EYE. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| temporary loss of vision in one eye/both eyes due to a block of blood flow to the retina. shade or curtain coming down. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
AKA infectious keratitis
-contact lenses, trauma, dry eyes, lid abnormalities can cause this. pseudomonas, staph can cause this. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| warm, erythematous, tender lids, periorbital swelling. low grade fever, elevated WBS, decreased vision and sluggish pupillary response, proptosis, restricted ocular motility |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tx for orbital cellulitis... |
|
Definition
| IV antibiotics and surgical drainage |
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|
Term
SEVERE pain and foreign body sensation, photophobia, conjunctival injection, involuntary lid closure, decreased visual acuity, hx of mild trauma to eye
-CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA, swollen eyelids, excess tearing, NO DISCHARGE, immediate relief with topical anesthesia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| tx for corneal abrasion... |
|
Definition
-slit lamp exam
-evert the eyelid
-topical antibiotic |
|
|
Term
| hx of welding or sunbathing. red eyes, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia, symptoms occur 6-12 hours after activity. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| hx of welding or sunbathing. red eyes, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia, symptoms occur 6-12 hours after activity. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| hx of welding or sunbathing. red eyes, tearing, blurred vision, photophobia, symptoms occur 6-12 hours after activity. |
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Definition
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|
Term
-blood collection in the anterior chamber
-hx of blunt trauma
-pain, blurred vision, and red eye |
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Definition
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|
Term
-extraocular movements are restricted.
-numbness or tenderness of upper cheek/lip
-enophthalmos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dendritic "tree branching" with stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| forehead rash, eyelid edema, conjunctival etc., hyperemia, uveitis, glaucoma. tx is acyclovir |
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Definition
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
AKA varicella zoster ophthalmicus |
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Term
| recurring inflammation of the episcleral tissue, hyperemia of the globe. tx is usually self-limited, prednisone topical, oral NSAIDS |
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Definition
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|
Term
| severe, destructive, vision threatening condition. underlying connective tissue disorder. meds is corticosteroids. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| positive seidel's sign (bright stream of fluorescein as aqueous leaks from the wound)irregular pupil due to iris. associated with inflammation |
|
Definition
| corneal laceration/perforation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| DO NOT PRESSURE PATCH A LACERATED OR PERFORATED EYE |
|
|
Term
| common, benign orbital tumor. appears as strawberry nevus if located in more external orbit or as a blue eyelid mass if deeper in orbit. occurs in first year of life and slowly involutes by age 5. eyelid may cause ptosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-common, benign lesion
-painless, palpable, flesh colored mass
-composed of connective tissue
-presents in early childhood and may slowly enlarge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common PRIMARY pediatric orbital malignancy. usually occurs in pts <15 yo. VERY RAPID ONSET of unilateral proptosis. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| most common INTRAOCULAR malignancy in children. most diagnosed by age 5. most unilateral, hereditary. good prognosis but this is HIGHLY MALIGNANT AND METASTATIC. sx- stabismus, decreased vision, swelling, asymptomatic, parents may notic an unusual reflex in photos. may have LEUKOCORIA(white reflex) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| management for retinoblastoma? |
|
Definition
| Head and orbital MRI to look for extension, enucleation for large tumors |
|
|
Term
| most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. most lethal primary skin tumor-rare on eyelids. metastasis is most commonly to the liver. almost always unilateral. mostly asymptomatic |
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Definition
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|
Term
| flat or slightly elevated scaly, ulcerated, erythematous plaque, more common in older pts with lighter complexion, potentially metastatic and locally invasive. management is excisional biopsy with wide surgical margins. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| firm nodule with ulcerate center and rolled "pearly" borders. 90% of all eyelid malignancies. occurs in older pts. slow growing, does not metastasize but locally invasive. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| progressive visual loss from months to years. glare. monocular diplopia. fixed spots in visual field. decreased color perception. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in the western world, the leading cause of blindness.loss of vision= injury to retinal vasculature. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| results from ischemia. neovascularization. may have 20/20 vision.vision may decrease slowly. floaters, blind spots. COTTON WOOLD SPOTS, fine, lacy blood vessels seen, loss of red reflex. |
|
Definition
| proliferative diabetic retinopathy |
|
|
Term
| earliest detectable clinical alteration, formation of microaneurysms. "dot and blot hemorrhages", exudates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hallmark is diffuse arteriolar narrowing with blood vessel walls being virtually invisible."COPPER-WIRE VESSEL" A:V nicking. cotton wool spots, microaneurysms, retinal edema. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vision loss secondary to vasculitic occlusion that involes the arteries to the optic disc. ESR IS GREATER THAN 50. |
|
Definition
giant cell arteritis
(tx is high dose steroids) |
|
|
Term
| autoimmune disorder--> neuromuscular junction. variable weakness of voluntary muscles. improves with rest and worsens with activity.multiple muscle weakness. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with graves disease (hyperthyroidsm) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most common severe infection affecting the eye in HIV/AIDS pts that usually occurs in the late stages of disease. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| systemic, multisystem collagen vascular disease. inflammatory joint pain. damages salivary and lacrimal glands.can present as necrotizing scleritis, painful, foreign body sensation, scleral thinning. |
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Definition
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|
Term
intracranial mass, impedment of cerebrospinal flow, idiopathic intracranial hypertension can cause this condition...
sx- HA, nausea with vomiting, transient episodes of vision loss in BOTH EYES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral swollen optic disc (papillitis), FLAME SHAPED hemorrhages, optic disc pallor, sudden painless vision loss |
|
Definition
| ischemic optic neuropathy |
|
|
Term
| -ptosis, diplopia, HA or periorbital pain, eye is turned down and out, dilated pupil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
-pts may develop a head tilt
-vertical/oblique diplopia occurs
-trochlear nerve
-common from trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involuntary movement of the eyes. composed of a mixture of slow and fast movements of the eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common type of nystagmus associated with alcohol intoxication and cerebellar or brainstem disease |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| associated with neurosyphilis, pupil is small and responds slowly to light, accomodation and convergence is retained. etiology unclear. |
|
Definition
| argyll robertson syndrome |
|
|
Term
| dilater pupil that reacts poorly to light, but better to accomodation. reaction is SLUGGISH and TONIC. Usually unilateral. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| injury to the sympathetic nerves of the face characterized by PTOSIS, PUPILLARY MIOSIS, FACIEAL ANHIDROSIS. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in this condition the pupil of the affected eye paradoxically dilates when light is shone in the eye. The brain is not receiving the message properly. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the most common type of eye turn occurring in 1-2% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reduced vision that is not correctable with lenses. usually only in 1 eye. AKA LAZY EYE. this develops when an eye has not received adequate use during early childhood. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in children, this is a sign of poor vision until proven otherwise... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AKA EXUDATIVE RETINITIS. a progressive condition of the retinal capillaries which occurs in children and young adults, usually males. First decade of life, it is gradual in progress and affect central vision usually in one eye. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AKA EXUDATIVE RETINITIS. a progressive condition of the retinal capillaries which occurs in children and young adults, usually males. First decade of life, it is gradual in progress and affect central vision usually in one eye. |
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Definition
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