Term
| Opioid Agonist-Antagonist characteristics: |
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Definition
- Bind to Mu receptor
- producing a limited response (partial agonist)
- or no response (competitive antagonist)
- Bind to K and D receptors
- produce agonist effects
- product antagonist effects
- Antagonist properties may attenuate subsequent administration of opioid agonists
- Side effects are similar to those of opioid agonist
- produce analgesia with limited depression of ventilation and low potential of physical dependence.
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Term
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Definition
- chemically related to oxymorphine and naloxone
- analgesic potency equal to morphine
- metabolized in the liver
- quick onset of action
- duration of action 3-6hrs
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Term
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Definition
- reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression while maintaining some analgesia
- Reversal of opioid-induced pruritis
- Dose: 5mg IV increments
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Term
| Butorphanol (Stadol) characteristics: |
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Definition
- Low affinity for mu receptors
- moderate affinity for kappa receptors
- 3-4 times more potent than morphine
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Term
| Butorphanol (Stadol) uses/dose: |
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Definition
Dose: 0.5-2mg IV every 2-4hrs
Quick onset of action
Duration of Action: 4hrs
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Early Stages of labor pain
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Not for pain associated with surgery
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Nasal spray indicated for hte management of migraine headaches.
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Term
| Butorphanol side effects: |
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Definition
- increased BP, Pulmonary BP and CO
- Depression of ventilation similar to morphine
- It may be difficult to achieve good analgesia with opioid agonists in the presence of butorphanol
- may cause dysphoric reactions
- these drugs have a ceiling effect such that increasing the doses do not produce additional responses.
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Term
| Pentazocine characteristics: |
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Definition
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agonist effect at D and K receptors
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extensive first pass metabolism with only 20% of oral dose entering the metabolism
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elimination half-time 2-3hrs
Side effects:
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Dysphoria including fear of impending death is associated with high doses
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Increase in plasma catecholamines causing increased HR, SBP, Pulm. ABP, and left vent. EDP.
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Crosses the placenta and may cause fetal depression.
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Term
| Buprenorphine characteristics: |
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Definition
Onset: 30min
Duration of action: at least 8hrs
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Effective in relieving moderate to severe pain in the post-op period and pain associated with cancer, renal colic, and MI.
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Highly lipid soluble
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Side effects: Pulonary edema, can precipitate withdrawal
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