Term
| multiple routes and formulations; highest rate of side effects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| toxic, can accumulate in patients with renal failure and may lead to seizures |
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Definition
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Term
| more potent, faster onset, no major metabolites, lower rate of side effects compared to morphine; a once daily ER formulation; more expensive, less formulations, higher risk |
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Definition
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Term
| not used orally due to erratic absorption; do not use for more than 48 hours and never use for chronic pain |
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Definition
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Term
| a non-opioid metabolite which can accumulate leading to CNS excitability (irritability, twitching, tremors, seizures) |
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Definition
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Term
| no active metabolites; hard to quickly reverse for patches (slower onset); opioid with the fastest onset and shortest duration of action |
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Definition
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Term
| CYP2D6 metabolizes 10-30% of dose into morphine |
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Definition
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Term
| CYP2D6 metabolizes this into hydromorphone |
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Definition
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Term
| contains an active metabolite with a 7-9 hour half life; there is a risk of respiratory depression when used with CYP3A4 |
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Definition
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Term
| long duration of action, inexpensive, may be more effective for neuropathic pain, less euphoria, less constipation |
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Definition
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Term
| difficult to dose (confusing pharmacokinetics); can accumulate; QT prolongation at high doses |
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Definition
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Term
| Methadone racemic mixtures |
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Definition
| levorotary and dextrorotary isomers |
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Term
| gives methadone its opioid activity |
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Definition
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Term
| is an NMDA receptor antagonist and an NE and serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
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Definition
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Term
| Food increases Cmax by 50%; administer on an empty stomach |
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Definition
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Term
| alcohol increases drug absorption which can be fatal; twice as potent as oxycodone; more lipophilic than morphine (faster onset of action) |
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Definition
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