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Ophthalmology
Dz of retina + uveal tract
32
Health Care
Graduate
01/24/2008

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Cards

Term
Dz of Retina and Uveal tract
Definition
Amaurosis fugax
Central and Branch retinal artery and vein occlusion
Diabetic retinopathy
Hypertensive retinopathy
Macular degeneration
Optic neuritis
Papilledema
Uveitis
Retinal detachment
Term
Transient (few minutes) unilateral blurred vision or blindness
Definition
Amaurosis fugax
Term
Curtain coming down over eye
Definition
Amaurosis fugax
Term
unless the ischemia is brief, result is blindness
Definition
Central and branch retinal artery occlusion
Term
Acute, painless, unilateral loss of vision
complete or field blindness (irreversible)
"cherry red" macula
pallor and edema of retina
Definition
Central and branch retinal artery occlusion
Term
Hollenhorst plaque
Definition
branch retinal artery occlusion
Term
Tx of: Central and branch retinal artery occlusion
Definition
Dislodge emboli!!
- ocular massage (15 sec on, 5 sec off)
- CO2 breathing
- Anterior chamber paracentesis
Term
Semi-acute, slow, painless, unilateral loss of vision
Cotton wool spots,
dilated veins
Hemorrhages
Definition
Central and branch retinal vein occlusion
Term
complications of:Central and branch retinal vein occlusion
Definition
neovascularization (due to ischemia)
glaucoma
vitreous hemorrhage
Retinal detachment
Blindness
Term
Pathophys: 1. decr retinal blood flow autoregulation --> incr eye pressure --> malfunction of vessels
2. incr [sorbitol] in retinal cells
3. incr [AGE] in interstitium
Definition
diabetic retinopathy
Term
1. Background retinopathy
2. Proliferative retinopathy
Definition
1. retinal ischemia progresses
2. Neovascularization occurs and can spread w/in retina or into vitreous, becoming attached to posterior pole of vitreous body (incr. risk of retinal attachment)
Term
SSx:
yellow, discrete deposits(hard exudates)
AV nicking
Expansion or budding of vessels
dot/blood hemorrhages
cotton wool spots (soft exudates)
Definition
diabetic retinopathy
Term
2 main findings of Hypertensive retinopathy
Definition
1. Arteriolar thickening
2. Retinal changes resulting from vascular injury
Term
Hypertensive retinopathy:
Grade I and II:
Grade III and IV:
Definition
I and II: enhanced prominence of light reflex, vascular tortuosity, AV nicking
III and IV: copper wire then silver appearance of vessels;
- Grade III: flamed hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, yellow-white exudates
- Grade IV: papilledema
Term
Dz of the central retina --> loss of central vision
Definition
Macular degeneration (age related)
Term
most common cause of decreased vision in the elderly
Definition
Macular degeneration (age related)
Term
decreased near vision acuity and blurred or distorted vision at a distance
Definition
Macular degeneration (age related)
Term
SSx of DRY - Macular degeneration
Definition
Drusen
retinal pigment epithelial abnormalities atrophy
loss of central vision
pale retina
Term
SSx of WET - Macular degeneration
Definition
*Neovascularization
hemorrhages on retinal exam
Metamorphosia (distorted vision)
Term
components of uveal tract
Definition
iris
ciliary body
choroid
Term
may form synechiae
Definition
Uveitis
Term
Sx:
ocular pain
photophobia
circumcorneal flush
pupil small and irregular
Hypopyon
Definition
Anterior uveitis
Term
SSx: circumcorneal flush
inflammatory cells seen in vitreous humor
pupil constricted and irregular
cloudy vitreous
active lesion on the choroid appear yellowish-white
Definition
Posterior uveitis
Term
Tx for:
1. Anterior uveitis
2. Posterior uveitis
Definition
1. Corticosteroids, mydriatic, analgesics
2. dilation, systemic analgesics, steroids, glaucoma management
Term
separation of sensory (photoreceptor) layer of retina from retinal pigment epithelium
Definition
Retinal detachment
Term
Sudden loss of visual field in one eye like a "window shade"
- visual field defects: flashes of light, floaters
Definition
Retinal detachment
Term
most closely associated with Multiple sclerosis
Definition
Optic neuritis
Term
inflammation, degeneration, or demyelination of optic nerve
Definition
Optic neuritis
Term
*loss of vision
sluggish direct papillary response
distension of large veins
retinal edema
Tx. steroids
Definition
Optic neuritis
Term
optic disc swelling due to increase intracranial pressure
Definition
papilledema
Term
bilateral
enlarged blind spot w/o decreased visual acuity
Definition
Papilledema
Term
optic nerve edema
etio: venous clogs, infection
tx: treat underlying pathology
Definition
optic disk swelling
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