Term
| Papillary margin of iris lies against the lens, obstructing aqueous outflow from trabecular meshwork in anterior chamber |
|
Definition
| Acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| More common in Asians and hyperopic (far-sighted) indiv |
|
Definition
| Acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Term
SSx: n/v/abd pain,
blurry vision
painful eye
halos around lights
hard eye to palpate |
|
Definition
| Acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Tx. for Acute angle closure glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of glaucoma |
|
Definition
| Open angle/ chronic glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for Open angle/ chronic glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| incr IOP --> cupping of optic disc |
|
Definition
| cause of Open angle/ chronic glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| complications include: visual loss, blindness, tunnel vision |
|
Definition
| cause of Open angle/ chronic glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer cells of lens degenerate --> lens nucleus assumulates insoluble protein --> hardening (sclerosis) and brownish coloration (brunescence) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Congenital
Traumatic
Iatrogenic |
|
|
Term
| most common cause of Cataracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SSx: needing new glasses, distance vision getting worse, night driving difficulty due to glare |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hallmark: diminished red reflex and pupillary opacity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dislodgement of lens from ciliary body attachments, usually due to blunt trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unilateral, dilated or paralyzed pupil (iridoplegia) --> no threat to vision |
|
Definition
| Adie's pupil (tonic pupil) |
|
|
Term
| characterized by delayed or diminished direct and consensual rxn to light in pupil larger than nml |
|
Definition
| Adie's pupil (tonic pupil) |
|
|
Term
| May be associated with loss of DTR |
|
Definition
| Adie's pupil (tonic pupil) |
|
|
Term
| pathophys: damage to ciliary ganglion (post ganglionis parasymphathetic fibers) |
|
Definition
| Adie's pupil (tonic pupil) |
|
|
Term
SSx: pupil reacts slowly to light and accomodation
photophobia
blurring while reading |
|
Definition
Adie's pupil (tonic pupil)
instil pilocarpine --> pupil constriction |
|
|
Term
| bilateral sml (<3mm) irregular pupils --> do not react to light but constrict during accomodation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hallmark of late central nervous system syphilis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SSx: nml vision
Miosis, irregular shaped, dilate poorly with mydriatics
constricts during accomodation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labs for Argyll Robertson pupil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oculosympathetic defects; decr sympathetic activity in 1st, 2nd, or 3rd order neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
causes:
60% --> vascular
35% --> tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
classic clinical triad:
Ptosis
Miosis
Anhidrosis
and warm, hyperemia
nml vision, light reflec, and accomodation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Labs for Horner's syndrome |
|
Definition
CXR --> r/o bronchogenic CA
head & neck CT --> r/o vascular etiology |
|
|
Term
SSx: Diplopia
ptosis
Mydriasis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications include: chronic diplopia, amblyopia in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Least common palsy;
most commonly due to trauma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SSx:
Vertical diplopia
head tilt
esotropia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common single muscle palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SSx:
diplopia
Loss of lateral gaze |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recovery can usually be seen w/in 3 months of onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Exopthalmos
Orbital cellulitis
Vitreous hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| Periorbital edema = earliest finding |
|
Definition
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| usually due to staph infections of face or sphenoid sinus |
|
Definition
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
|
|
Term
SSx
Retroorbital HA (most common)
periorbital edema
decr. CA
orbital pain
ssx of primary infection
Ptosis
Proptosis
decr fxn of CN III, IV, VI |
|
Definition
| Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of Cavernous sinus thrombosis |
|
Definition
Residual CN +/- visual defect: common
~30% mortality even with Tx |
|
|
Term
| infection of soft tissues in front of orbital septum |
|
Definition
| Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis |
|
|
Term
| etiologies of Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis |
|
Definition
local, periorbital trauma
insect bite
spread of localized infections: conjunctivitis, hordeolum
Org: s. aureus, strep. pyogenes |
|
|
Term
SSx Localized pain, swelling around eye
NO chills
EOMI
no proptosis or chemosis |
|
Definition
| Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis |
|
|
Term
Hx of recent URI, facial trauma, surgery, dental work
Fever
Malaise
vision changes
pain with eye movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
SSx: proptosis and ophthalmoplegia
decr EOM
orbital pain, redness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bleeding from retinal or choroid vessels --> acute loss of vision
(floaters, dark streaks, light perception only) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of Vitreous hemorrhage |
|
Definition
proliferative diabetic retinopathy**
Retinal detachment
posterior vitreous separation |
|
|
