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Definition
| (C,Q,3D,F,I) Cost, quality (product & process), delivery speed, delivery reliability, demand management, flexibility, innovation |
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| set broad policies & plans for using firm resources to best support long-term competitive strategy |
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| decisions that arise b/c of the inability of processes to excel simultaneously across all competitive dimensions |
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| criterion that differentiates one firm from another |
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Definition
| criterion that permits the firm's products to even be considered for purchase |
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Definition
| skills or knowledge that differentiate a firm from the competition |
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Term
| developing an operations strategy |
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Definition
| 1. segment market according to product group 2. identify (a) product requirements (b) demand patterns (c)profit margins 3. determine the order winners and order qualifiers for each group 4. convert order winners into specific performance requirements 5. analyze product/ process level (a) define complexity & volume (b) discrete steps vs. continuous flow (c) offer few specific products/ services or highly customized products/ services |
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Term
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Definition
| set of activities beginning with the perception of a market opportunity and ending in the production, sale, and delivery of the product |
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Term
| Product Development Process |
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Definition
Phase 0. Planning- generate mission statement
Phase 1. Concept Development- identify needs of target market: select several product concepts for further development and testing
Phase 2. System-level design- define product architecture, decompose product into subsystems and components, define final assembly scheme
Phase 3. Detail Design- complete specification of geometry, materials and tolerances of all parts, list of standard parts to be purchased, detailed drawings, process plans for fabrication and assembly
Phase 4. Testing & Refinement- building of alpha & beta prototypes: alpha- same material & geometry, beta- parts supplied by production process
Phase 5. Production Ramp-up- small volume production to train workforce and work out any remaining problems |
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Term
| Variations to Product Development Process |
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Definition
| Market pull (market opportunity to technology, uses generic processes), technology push (technology to market opportunity, concept development takes technology as given), platform products (built around existing platform, concept development assumes proven technology platform), process intensive (product constrained by production process, product and process developed from start), quick build (rapid modeling and prototyping, many design-build-test cycles), complex systems (many subsystems & components, developed by many teams working in parallel) |
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Term
| Challenges of product development |
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Definition
| trade-offs, dynamics, details, time pressure, economics, organizational realities |
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Term
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Definition
Project managers have more power
Strengths- optimal resource allocation, quick trade-off resolution
Weakness: difficulty maintaining functional capabilities
Major Issue: how to maintain functional expertise over time |
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Definition
Functional managers have more power
Strength: fosters specialization and expertise
Weakness: coordination among groups can be slow
Major Issue: how to integrate different functions to achieve a common goal |
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Term
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Definition
Strength: Provides integration and speed benefits
Weakness: Requires more managers and administrators
Major Issue: How to balance functions & projects, How to evaluate project & functional performance |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of independent tasks that transforms an input into output material of higher value for the organization |
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Term
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Definition
| Identify inefficient tasks, spot possible effectiveness improvement tasks, understand where value can be added |
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Term
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Definition
| Has a Finished Good Inventory |
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Term
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Definition
| how much can be processed at this task |
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Term
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Definition
| minimum throughput rate at any of the stages |
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Definition
| some inventory between stages |
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Definition
| stoppage of activity because of lack of material |
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Definition
| stoppage of flow because there is no storage place |
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Term
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Definition
| intangible, no ownership, not tied to a physical product |
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Term
| Intangible & heterogeneity |
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Definition
| difficult to evaluate/ compare prior to experiencing the service, no two customers can be expected to evaluate a services in the same manner |
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Term
| Alternative Strategies in Services |
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Definition
| Production line (mcdonald's), self-service (barnes & noble), personal attention (ritz-carlton) |
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Term
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Definition
| features= higher quality, freedom from trouble |
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Term
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Definition
| prevention costs, appraisal, internal failure, external failure, opportunity |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous improvement, leadership development, partnership development |
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Term
| Tools used for continuous improvement |
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Definition
| process flowchart, run chart, control charts, cause & effect diagram (fishbone), check sheet, histogram, pareto analysis, |
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Term
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Definition
| binary decisions, samples sizes are larger than 50 |
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Definition
| relatively smaller sample size, less than 20, plot of averages and ranges over time |
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