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Operations Management
Exam 1 - Chapter 4
53
Management
Undergraduate 3
02/27/2011

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Term
Supply Chain
Definition
A network of all the activities involved in delivering a finished product or service to the customer
Term
Supply Chain Management
Definition
Coordinates and managers all the activities of the supply chain
Term
Tier One Supplier
Definition
Supplies materials or services directly to the processing facility
Term
Tier Two Supplier
Definition
Directly supplies materials or services to a tier one supplier in the supply chain
Term
Tier Three Supplier
Definition
Directly supplies materials or services to a tier two supplier in the supply chain
Term
Logistics
Definition
Activities involved in obtaining, producing, and distributing materials and products in the proper place and in proper quantities
Term
Traffic Management
Definition
Responsible for arranging the method of shipment for both incoming and outgoing products or materials
Term
Distribution Management
Definition
Responsible for movement of material from the manufacturer to the customer
Term
Bullwhip Effect
Definition
Inaccurate or distorted demand information created in the supply chain
Term
E-commerce
Definition
Using the internet and Web to transact business
Term
Business-to-business E-commerce
Definition
Businesses selling to and buying from other businesses on the internet
Term
Automated Order Entry System
Definition
A method using telephone models to send digital orders to suppliers
Term
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Definition
A form of computer-to-computer communications that enables sharing business documents
Term
Electronic Storefronts
Definition
On-line catalogs of products made available to the general public by a single supplier
Term
Net Marketplaces
Definition
Suppliers and buyers conduct trade in a single internet-based environment
Term
Electronic Request For Quote (eRFQ)
Definition
An electronic request for a quote on a good or service
Term
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Definition
A private internet-based communications environment that is used by the company, its suppliers, and its customers for day-to-day activities
Term
Business-to-consumer E-commerce
Definition
On-line businesses sell to individual consumers
Term
Advertising Revenue Model
Definition
Provides users with information on services and products and provides an opportunity for suppliers to advertise
Term
Subscription Revenue Model
Definition
A Web site that charges a subscription fee for access to its content and services
Term
Transaction Fee Model
Definition
A company receives a fee for executing a transaction
Term
Sales Revenue Model
Definition
A means of selling goods, information, or services directly to customers
Term
Affiliate Revenue Model
Definition
Companies receive a referral fee for directing business to an affiliate
Term
Intranets
Definition
Networks that are internal to an organization
Term
Extranets
Definition
Intranets that are linked to the internet so that suppliers and customers can be included in the system
Term
Green Supply Chain Management
Definition
Focuses on the role of the supply chain with regards to its impact on the environment
Term
Requisition Request
Definition
Request indicating the need for an item
Term
Price and Availability
Definition
The current price of the item and whether the quantity is available when needed
Term
Purchase Order
Definition
A legal document committing the company to buy the goods and providing details of the purchase
Term
Incoming Inspection
Definition
Verifies the quality of incoming goods
Term
Sourcing Strategy
Definition
A plan indicating suppliers to be used when making purchases
Term
Vertical Integration
Definition
A measure of how much of the supply chain is actually owned or operated by the manufacturing company
Term
Insource
Definition
Processes or activities that are completed in-house
Term
Outsource
Definition
Processes or activities that are completed by suppliers
Term
Backward Integration
Definition
Owning or controlling sources of raw materials and components
Term
Forward Integration
Definition
Owning or controlling the channels of distribution
Term
partnering
Definition
A process of developing a long-term relationship with a supplier based on mutual trust, shared vision, shared information, and shared risks
Term
Early Supplier Involvement (ESI)
Definition
Involvement of critical suppliers in new product design
Term
General Warehouse
Definition
Used for long-term storage
Term
Distribution Warehouse
Definition
Used for short-term storage, consolidation, and product mixing
Term
Postponement
Definition
A strategy that shifts production differentiation closer to the consumer by postponing final configuration
Term
Crossdocking
Definition
Eliminates the storage and order-picking functions of a distribution warehouse
Term
Manufacturing Crossdocking
Definition
The receiving and consolidating of inbound supplies and material to support just-in-time manufacturing
Term
Distributor Crossdocking
Definition
The receiving and consolidating of inbound products from different vendors into a multi-SKU pallet
Term
Transportation Crossdocking
Definition
Consolidation of LTL shipments to gain economies of scale
Term
Retail Crossdocking
Definition
Sorting products from multiple vendors onto outbound trucks headed headed for specific stores
Term
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Definition
Unpowered microchips are used to wirelessly transmit encoded information through an antenna
Term
E-distributors
Definition
Independently owned net marketplaces having catalogs representing thousands of suppliers and designed for spot purchases
Term
E-purchasing
Definition
Companies that connect online MRO suppliers to businesses that pay fees to join the market, usually for long-term contractual purchasing
Term
Value Chain Management (VCM)
Definition
Automation of a firm's purchasing or selling process
Term
Exchanges
Definition
A marketplace that focuses on spot requirements of large firms in a single industry
Term
Industry Consortia
Definition
Industry-owned markets that enable buyers to purchase direct inputs from a limited set of invited suppliers
Term
Supply Chain Velocity
Definition
The speed at which a product moves through the pipeline from the manufacturer to the customer
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