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Define Operant Conditioning |
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| strengthening of a stimulus-response relationship by following the response with a reinforcement |
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| Who was the founder of Operant Condtioning? |
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(simulus) -> [response ->reinforcement] (1) Shaping (2) Chaining |
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procedure in which the experimenter rewards the organism each time it makes a response that approximates the desired response (Learning) |
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combing shaping steps (Learned) |
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| similar to classical conditioning present CS without UCS |
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| Reinforecement (increase response) Types |
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Positive Negative Primary Secondary |
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| Positive Type of Reinforcement |
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| reinforecment desired by the subject which will increase probably of an action being elicited |
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| Negative Type of Reinforcement |
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| undesired reinforcer which will strengthen a response by its absence |
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| Primary Type of Reinforcement |
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| Secondary Type of Reinforcement |
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a) The shorter the time between an elicited response and te reward the quicker learning will occur b) Frequency of reinforcer also increases the rate of learning
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| Intermittent Reinforcement |
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Reinforcement is not presented after each response in intervals (Learned) |
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| Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules |
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Ratio-schedule a)fixed ratio b)variable-ratio Interval a)fixed-interval b)variable-interval |
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| reinforcement depends on the number of correct responses between reinforcement |
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reinforcement occurs after a determined number of correct responses (Ex.5,5,5,...) |
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number of responses between reinforcements varied (Ex. 5,2,7,12,...) |
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Reinforcement is determined by the time between responses |
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reinforcement after fixed period of time (Ex. 5min,5min,5min,...) |
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time between reinforcement varies (Ex. 5min, 9min, 2min,...) |
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Classical vs. Operant Condtitioning Subject |
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CC: passive; reacts to stimulus OC: must act on environment for reward (active)
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Classical vs. Operant Conditioning Unconditional Stimulus |
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CC: Specifically known OC: not known |
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Classical vs. Operant Conditioning Reinforcement
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CC: Reinforcer before response (UCS) OC: Reinforcer after response
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| presentation of an unpleasant stimulus after a response decreasing the probability of that response. |
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| Punishment Application/Rules |
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1) Immediately after undesired response 2) Not too severe as to harm or cause other undesirable behavior
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1)May slow down learning due to fear of punisment 2)May suppress not only bad but good behavior too 3)Behavior punished may reappear when punisher not present 4)Children may not learn any other way to learn 5)Children may think of themselves as bad and not behavior 6) If punishment works, punisher may verify its use
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