Term
| what is the most legitimate human subject experimentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most dubious human subject experimentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most dangerous human subject experimentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe benefience in regards to human experimentation |
|
Definition
| do not harm. maximize possible benifits, minimize possible harm |
|
|
Term
| what is justuce in regards to human experimentation (also give examples) |
|
Definition
| fairness in treatment (including haves and have nots), equality in distribution (randomization of placebos) |
|
|
Term
| what is an injustice when related to human subject experimentation |
|
Definition
| when a benefit entitled is denied without reason when some burden is imposed unduly |
|
|
Term
| when doing human subject experimentation wat is required |
|
Definition
| independent review, vaildity and value in research purpose and design, minimize risk, maxamize safety, fully inform each subect or authorized representitive, disclose any conflicts of interest, HIPAA authorization |
|
|
Term
| what is the fundimental principal in regards to human subject experimentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a human subject |
|
Definition
| living indivigual whom a research investigator obtains data through intervention or interaction with the individual or from individually identifiable information |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of intervention |
|
Definition
| manipulation of the subject or the subject's enivornment |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of private information and an example |
|
Definition
| interpersonal contact between investigator and subject (physical exam) |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of identifiable information (give examples) |
|
Definition
| identity of the subject can be ascentained by the investigator or information associated with the subject (assigning a number, specific demographic) |
|
|
Term
| when are placebo controlls allowed |
|
Definition
| when scientifically or methodological reason, when study adresses a minor condition and the patient's recieving will not be subject to additional risk or irreversible harm |
|
|
Term
| how can you make sure your medical therapy human subject experimentation is in the best interest of the patient and all risks have been considered |
|
Definition
| appreach with peers, institutional review board, and other expert groups |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when it is said that psychological research is more dubious |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between medical and biological research |
|
Definition
| biological is more dangerous, medical is more ledegitamite and less invasive |
|
|
Term
| describe respect in regards to human subjects |
|
Definition
| subject must have the capacity to represent their own interest and free to say stop treatment, make sure not to exploit people, make sure people who are volurnable are protected, make sure subject is willing and there are no hidden contingencies (like prisoners have) |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when said that human subject research must be valid and valuable |
|
Definition
| degree to which the research measures what it says it will, can be repeated with consistancy, able to be generalized for many populations, outcome improves treatment or prepares to improve it |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of human subject research |
|
Definition
| intervention, private information, identifiable information |
|
|
Term
| describe the Joseph Memgle studies |
|
Definition
| twin studies done by Nazis, injected blue dye to change eye color, forced male and female twins to reproduct, exchanged blood between twins, boiled bodies to preserve hunch back father and son |
|
|
Term
| describe the Tuskege research |
|
Definition
| men REPORTEDLY had LATENT syphillis, poor black men told they were being treated but ~200 were not treated at all, given meals and culturally sensitive mathods (funeral money) as incentives, NOT injected with syphillis, |
|
|
Term
| who put on the tuskege research and when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does the year the tuskege research started cause alarm |
|
Definition
| because a syphilis treatment was found in 1930 and was not offered to the subjects, it was kind of dangerous but worked |
|
|
Term
| what was the second point in time during the tuskege research that caused alarm |
|
Definition
| in 1943 penicillin was found to be a safer way to treat syphillis but they did not give the subjects the option to take it and gave them incentives not to |
|
|
Term
| who lead the fight against the tuskege research, describe the story how |
|
Definition
| Peter Buxton spoke with a subject and was concerned he was not getting penicillin, he wrote the CDC and they had a comittee meeting that said the research was once in a life time and must be continued, his GF wrote about it in the newspaper and another comittee viewed it as fine before penicillin but not ok now, congress made laws against bad research in result |
|
|
Term
| describe the harvard case |
|
Definition
| research was whistle blower and showed reliability and validity issues and altered data, it was moved from lower to circut cort and is still in trial |
|
|
Term
what is a key point in regards to human research:
A. respect, harm, care
B. justice, humanity, truth
C. cecil, herbert, sinfield
D. respect, benifience, justice |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
research should be reviewed by"
A. experts and the IRB
B. no one
C. only in limited circumstances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what does the picture of soldiers represent:
A. troops exposed to TNT
B. radiation experiments
C. troops watching experiments
D. troops exposed to agent organge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of evidence based medicine |
|
Definition
| concencious and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about patient indivigual care |
|
|
Term
| what is the fancy definition for how one practices evidence based medicine |
|
Definition
| combine study results with clinical judgement and patient preferences |
|
|
Term
| what does evidence based medicine lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain the example about how catheters in the hospital used evidence based medicine and the result |
|
Definition
| we used to put them in everyone this led to infections, they used a bacterial agent to get rid of the infections which led to resistance. studies were done saying this is stupid and we don't do it as often anymore and now bacteria are weaker, people are healthier, overall improved quality of care |
|
|
Term
| what is evidence based medicine considered "cookbook medicine", what is the flaw |
|
Definition
| because if you follow the rules how can they sue you? people will still find a way but it is less likley |
|
|
Term
| where do the protocols in evidence based medicine come from |
|
Definition
| socities and expert pannels |
|
|
Term
| what are the reasons for development of evidence based medicine |
|
Definition
| to cope with information overload, cost control, public is impatient for the best diagnosis and treatment |
|
|
Term
| in the reasons for evidence based medicine, what does it mean by information overload |
|
Definition
| physicians are faced with increases in biomedical journals and textbooks and cannot keep up with them due to quantity and time. most dont meet the minimum standards of apprasal anyways, they are inadequate and misleading |
|
|
Term
| in the reasons for evidence based medicine, what does it mean by it being driven by increased health care costs |
|
Definition
| costs are increasing and cost control is needed to limit it, we need to make the best use of limited resources |
|
|
Term
| in the reasons for evidence based medicine, what does it mean by public impatience |
|
Definition
| the public is more educated and can find stuff more easily, they want the best diagnosis and therapy, dont want to wait, quality isnt important |
|
|
Term
| what things ranked higher than quality in the eyes of patients |
|
Definition
| convience, coverage, access, health plans |
|
|
Term
| what is the goal of evidence based medicine |
|
Definition
| make the best clinical decisions, appropirate, efficient, and effective |
|
|
Term
| how can we improve the quality of catr |
|
Definition
| clinical practive guidelines, care maps, outcome measures (what changes have you made to improve) |
|
|
Term
| what are the steps of evidence based medicine |
|
Definition
1. decide what information is needed
2. make a question that can be answered with research
3. search published literature
4. decide which studies are valid and appropirate
5. apply to patient
6. re-evaluate |
|
|
Term
| what are the integrated care pathways |
|
Definition
| pathways of care, care maps, and collaborative care pathways |
|
|
Term
| why do we have clinical pathways, what does it include |
|
Definition
| provide guidance for each stage in the management of a patient: treatments, interventions. includes progress and outcome detials |
|
|
Term
| what are clinical practice guidelines |
|
Definition
| systematically developed statments to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropirate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances |
|
|
Term
| what can make better quaility guidelines |
|
Definition
| greater strength in evidence |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when we say clinical practice guidelines provide an agreement with how patients should be treated |
|
Definition
| provides them with a greater consistance of care, helps patients make more informed choices, influences public policy by drawing attention to deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| how do some people thik about clinical pathways |
|
Definition
| viewed as algorithms, not really practive guidelines |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when people say they view clinical pathways as algorithms |
|
Definition
| offers a flow chart format of the decisions to be made |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when people say they view clinical pathways are not really practice guidelines |
|
Definition
| utilized by a multidiciplinary team, ahve a focus on the quaility and coordination of care |
|
|
Term
| what are the components of clinical pathways |
|
Definition
| timeline, categories of care or activities/interventions, intermediate and long term outcome criteria, variance record |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a critical pathway document not that much different than a clinical pathway, it is a grid you can follow to improve care |
|
|
Term
| what does the care map measure |
|
Definition
| readily obtained outcomes |
|
|
Term
| what does a care map reflect |
|
Definition
| the progress of a pathway |
|
|
Term
| how is a care map set up, physically |
|
Definition
| formulated as a grid with categories of care given specific time segments |
|
|
Term
| what do care maps rely on, why |
|
Definition
| quaility evidence, it needs to evaluate if it is optomizing the process and improving efficiency of care |
|
|
Term
| what is the assessment of outcomes, what does it provide |
|
Definition
| a guide to effectiveness of care that provides information for further assessment of the initial appropirateness of care |
|
|
Term
| what does the assessment of outcome suggest, what is it assessing |
|
Definition
| review and updating of the clinical practice guidelines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of a procedure or test to achieve the desired clinical purpose under controlled circumstances of a controlled group of patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the treatment effect must be demonstrated in a larger population verifying its value in the situation of usual clinical practice |
|
|
Term
| what questions should be asked in clinical apprasal |
|
Definition
was the assignment of patients to treat randomized
was the follow up complete
how were those who withdrew or dropped out of the study handled
was the study properly blinded
were the study groups similar when the trial began (age, gender, race, procession)
were all groups treated equally apart from medication or the procedure being tested
can the results be applied to my practice
were all the clinically important outcomes considered
is the treatment benifits worth the risk / cost
will the treatment bring harm |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of studies, begin with most broad |
|
Definition
| animal, case series, case control, cohort, randomized controlled trial, systematic review, meta-analysis |
|
|
Term
| what is a systematic review |
|
Definition
| concise summary of the best available evidence from primary studies using explicit, rigrous, and reproductable methods to find critically review, and synthezise the evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses statistical methods to combine multiple studies of similar design into a statistical combination of data |
|
|
Term
| what is consort stand for |
|
Definition
| consolidated standards of reporting trials |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of consort |
|
Definition
| to eliminate bias and move away from narrative and selective form of review used by researchers, people were not collaborating |
|
|
Term
| give examples of a studies that resulted in consort being formed, tell the story |
|
Definition
Linus Pauling a nobel prize winnder said vitamin c helps us live longer and have a better life using 2 studies, but many more studies said it didnt. utilization of vitamin c went up dramatically.
vaccinations are linked to autism in children prevented vaccinations.
antibody induction through vaccination and do not give immunity, antibodies are needed to protect against disease, induction through macrophage production. |
|
|
Term
| what did AT Still develope the osteopathic principals on |
|
Definition
| anatomical and physological principals |
|
|
Term
| what is the main reason for the growth of osteopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tell the story about how AT Still first did some osteopathic medicine |
|
Definition
| people didnt do a lot of research back then and opium was perscribed a lot because it made people feel good, Still didnt like it and began to do OMT. over time the pharmacy got better drugs and osteopathy didnt take off just yet |
|
|
Term
| what were the main drugs of the early pharmacy |
|
Definition
| opium, mercurials, alcohol, cinchona (quinine) |
|
|
Term
| what were the challenges in the development of osteopathic medicine |
|
Definition
| growth of the pharmaceutical industry, regulation of safety and efficacy of new drugs leading to randomized controlled studies, traditional epidemiologic research methods for public health began to apply to clinical populations, growth and availbility of computers and support software made health based databases, eventual demonstration of cost effectiveness |
|
|
Term
| what are the challenges in osteopathic research |
|
Definition
| DOs were physicians not researchers, research money shifted to pharmacy, development of penicillin, randomized controlled studies, OMT was only studied by DOs |
|
|
Term
| describe the challenges that the research in kirksville had |
|
Definition
| there was no research to demonstrate the effectiveness of the osteopathic methods, they did early studies on neuromscular relationships, not sustanied and expanded over time, scarcity of basic mechanistic and traditional research |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the advances in osteopathic research |
|
Definition
| low back pain, meta-analysis advances |
|
|
Term
| what are the meta-analysis advances in osteopathic research |
|
Definition
| omt affords greater pain reduction than active placebo control treatments, effects of omt are comparable reguardless of wethere treatment is provided by a fully lisenced DO in the IS or uK, effects of omt increase over time |
|
|
Term
| why do some critisize the promotion of OMT |
|
Definition
| percieved lack of evidence regaarding efficacy, belief in efficacy in OMT is based on more faith than evidence |
|
|
Term
| what information combats the critics of the promotion of OMT |
|
Definition
| same criticims can be said about elegant case controlled studies: non-pharacological interventions, specific surgical procedures, psychotherapeutic inerventions. no one tool fixes everything |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the existing trials in osteopathic research |
|
Definition
| NIH, osteopathic heratige foundations, osteopathic research center |
|
|
Term
| what are some of the things the osteopathic research center are working on |
|
Definition
| multi-center osteopathic pneumonia study in the elderly, omt in low back pain in military, omt to treat carpal tunnel, multicenter osteopathic otitis media study |
|
|
Term
| what are some of things the agency for health care policy and research are working on, what are the results |
|
Definition
| research on spinal manipulation for low back pain including DOs, DCs, and physical therapists, most of the treatments favored OMT vs the control studies |
|
|
Term
| why are statistics necessary |
|
Definition
| to understand the potential influence on experimental results and show that the treatment and only the treatment cause the effect or that the frequency of an event is attributable to a given factor. |
|
|
Term
| what does an experiment tell us about the effect of a treatment |
|
Definition
| it can only ESTIMATE the underlying effect of a treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a clear statment of what the investigators expect the study to find, testable |
|
|
Term
| what used to be the paradigm for statistical inference |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the null hypothesis |
|
Definition
| there is no difference between outcomes due to the treatments being compared, in most research this is what you start out with, what you set to test |
|
|
Term
| what is the goal of hypothesis testing |
|
Definition
| calculate the probability of getting the observed results if the null hypothesis is true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in reality the null hypothesis is true but in experiment it suggests that an alternative hypothesis is true |
|
|
Term
| what does the P value show |
|
Definition
| tells how unlikley it is that the result occured simply by chance if the null hypothesis is true |
|
|
Term
| what P values are considered statistically significant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in reality there is a difference between the two groups but when you do the research it says there isnt |
|
|
Term
| what happens to error when the sample size is too small |
|
Definition
| increased risk of type 2 error |
|
|
Term
| what happens to the error when the sample size is large |
|
Definition
| less risk of type two error |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the probability of not comitting type 2 error |
|
|
Term
| what are the limitations to hypothesis testing |
|
Definition
| limits decision to yes or no, choice of p value significance seems arbitrary, cant inform as to wether or not the sample size is sufficient or if the results are definitive |
|
|
Term
| what is a confidence interval based on |
|
Definition
| observed result and the size of the sample |
|
|
Term
| what information does a confidence interval provide, how is it presented |
|
Definition
| gives range of possibilities in which the true probability would like within the 95% of the time |
|
|
Term
| what is the relation of confidence intervals to power |
|
Definition
| can determine if there is adequate power to make the results definitive, lets you know if there was enough people in the sample to make the study meaningful |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when a conficence interval is not difinitive |
|
Definition
| the range is less than you stated. For example: you said it would be greater than a 5% difference but the CI shows a 2-10% difference |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when a confidence interval is difinitive |
|
Definition
| the results fall within your projected value. for example: you say there 5% or greater difference and the CI shows 5-10% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the lower boundry of a CI is greater than the smallest difference clinically significant, it is difinitive. if it is less it needs more trials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if less than the smallest difference that is clinically significant, it is definitive. if greater then more trials are needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| risk of the event after treatment as a percentage of the origional task |
|
|
Term
| what is absolute risk reduction |
|
Definition
| difference in the risk of the outcome between the two groups, aka risk difference |
|
|
Term
| what is relative risk reduction |
|
Definition
| estimates the percent of baseline risk that is removed as a result of the therapy |
|
|
Term
| what are the measures of association |
|
Definition
| absolute risk reduction, relative risk reduction, relative risk, odds ratio |
|
|
Term
| what measures of association stay the same no matter what group you look at (high risk or low risk patients) |
|
Definition
| relative risk reduction and relative risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimates the odds of an event occuring |
|
|
Term
| what types of studies are odds ratio used in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ARR, absolute risk reduction |
|
|
Term
| what does a NNT of 6 mean |
|
Definition
| for every 6 good procedures you do you prevent a death from the old bad one |
|
|
Term
| what is a case control study |
|
Definition
| participants are selected based on an outcome or if they have experienced an event |
|
|
Term
| what does an odds ratio of 1 mean |
|
Definition
| there is no difference between the groups |
|
|
Term
| what does an odds ratio of > 1.2 mean |
|
Definition
| statistically signifianct difference between groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| you are more likley to disclose or remember information based on your disease |
|
|
Term
| what measure of association is the best in randomized and cohort studies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do RR and RRR not count for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which measure of association is the best for case control studies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does correlation and regression help us understand |
|
Definition
| relationship between variables, enables us to make perdictions about a given patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the magnitude of the relationship between different variables, neither variable is the target |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes a perdiction or casual inference, one variable is the target |
|
|
Term
| what does a correation of -1 mean, what does it look like |
|
Definition
| strong negative correlation, line from upper left to bottom right |
|
|
Term
| what does a correlation of 1 mean, what does it look like |
|
Definition
| strong positive correlation, bottom left to top right |
|
|
Term
| what does a correlation of 0 mean, what does it look like |
|
Definition
| no correlation, scattered |
|
|
Term
| what can a correlation not distinguish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a multivariate regression |
|
Definition
| considers all of the independet variables in a mathematical model |
|
|
Term
| what conclusions should we take from the lecture (3) |
|
Definition
| make friends with statiticians, dont take statistical competence or honesty of authors for granted, shoot for proficiency in hypothesis testing, confiedence intervals, measures of association, and correlation and regression |
|
|
Term
| what questions should you ask in a study design check list |
|
Definition
is the study relivent
does the study add anything new
what type of research question is beiing asked
was the study design appropirate
did the study methods address the most important potential sources of bias
was the study performed according to the origional protocol
does the study test a stated hypothesis
were the statistical analyses performed correctly
do the data justify the conclusions
are there any conflicts of interest |
|
|
Term
| what are the two primary concerns for a study |
|
Definition
is the study question relivant
does the study add anything new |
|
|
Term
| what three things do you look at to see if a study is relivent |
|
Definition
| correlation, association, causation |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between correlation and association |
|
Definition
| correlation does not imply association |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the probability the test will reject the null hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| list the steps in human study heirarchy begining at the bottom |
|
Definition
| case report/study, controlled case study, cohort study, randomized study, practice guidelines, systematic review, meta analysis |
|
|
Term
| what does a systematic review lack |
|
Definition
| does not analyze the statistics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people are put into two or more groups randomly and given different treatmet |
|
|
Term
| what is a cross over study |
|
Definition
| group gets a drug for some time then the next group does |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| group a has a disease, group b does not |
|
|
Term
| what is a controlled case study |
|
Definition
| off labaled drug use on a patient |
|
|
Term
| what studies have to do with raw data collection |
|
Definition
| randomized, cohort, controlled case, case report |
|
|
Term
| what studies have to do with reviews |
|
Definition
| meta analysis, systematic review, practice guidelines |
|
|
Term
| what studies are weighted by power |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the components of a descriptive study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a descriptive study |
|
Definition
| identifies characteristics of the group without collecting scientific data, a raw data collection |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of descriptive studies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an analytic study |
|
Definition
| doing something with the data, gather data and check it, fact controlled |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of analytic studies |
|
Definition
| experimental and observational |
|
|
Term
| what are the experimental studies |
|
Definition
| randomized parallel group, randomized crossover |
|
|
Term
| what are the observational studies |
|
Definition
| cohort studies, cross sectional (analytic), case controlled |
|
|
Term
| what studies have to do with correlation |
|
Definition
| descriptive and ovservational (analytic branch) |
|
|
Term
| what studies have to do with causation |
|
Definition
| analytical branch experimental |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a null hypothesis |
|
Definition
| what are the chances your wrong, x does not do y |
|
|
Term
| what type of data in regards to a hypothesis is suspicious |
|
Definition
| data irrelivent to the hypothesis |
|
|
Term
| name the 14 steps of experimental design |
|
Definition
1. select a problem
2. determine the dependent variables
3. determine the independent variable
4. determine the number of levels of independent variables
5. determine the possible combinations
6. determine the number of observations
7. redesign if necessary
8. randomize participants
9. meet ethical and legal requirements
10. mathematical model
11. data collection
12. data reduction
13. data verification (outliers)
14. data interpertation |
|
|
Term
| what is a dependent variable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the independent variable |
|
Definition
| not manipulated in the experiment |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of independent variables |
|
Definition
| age, sex, vision, education, work experience |
|
|
Term
| what is the first experiment design called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can bias cause in regards to chance |
|
Definition
| sampline errors, random error |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces percision, error multiplies every time you make one not adds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can bias results one way or another |
|
|
Term
| what are the systematic errors caused by bias |
|
Definition
| choice of participants, which data to collect, conformity of bias (twisting data), technological |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of sampling bias |
|
Definition
| socioecnomic bias, genetic bias, age bias, nutritional bias, sex bias, disease bias |
|
|
Term
| what is data collection bias |
|
Definition
| only collecting supporting data, equipment not capable of collecting differences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interviewer bias (non verbal cues), subject bias (norality, please interviewer) |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship between effect and sample size |
|
Definition
| the bigger the effect, the less you have to sample |
|
|
Term
| what is the correlation between sample size and power |
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| consistancy in human experimentation over time an repeatability |
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary monoply to the owner in retun for availability to the public |
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Term
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Definition
| indiviguals who contribute to invention or medical treatment unless otherwise assigned |
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Term
| why is unless otherwise assigned a part of ownership |
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Definition
| because sometimes people sign away ownership like to an organization, it then becomes their property |
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Term
| what is ownership truly about, what does it give to the owner |
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Definition
| who has control of things like sale, marketing, and delivery of the invention |
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Term
| what is the difference between acknowledgement and ownership |
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Definition
| you may be required to acknowledge someone's efforts towards an idea but if they dont have control over it they dont own any of it. someone who is just acknowledged will not be on the patent |
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Term
| if there are two owners, can each do what they want? explain why one wouldnt be able to |
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Definition
| they can both do what they want with the idea. the only way they cant is if one sined a paper giving the other control despite their ownership on the patent |
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Term
| what are examples of conflict of interest |
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Definition
| gifts and favors, honorariums |
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Term
| how can we limit the conflict that comes with gifts and favors |
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Definition
| put an amount alowed to spend |
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Term
| what are examples of situations where gifts and favors could cause conflict of interest |
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Definition
| pharmacies and non-profit organizations give free products and you use them in favor of others |
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Term
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Definition
| adding gifts to a sanctioned event |
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Term
| what is an example of an honorarium |
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Definition
| getting asked to be on a comittee and getting a free vacation out of the time you have to be at it, telling experiences about using a new drug with patients and the line between that and being a rep for the new drug |
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Term
| in the event of an infringement lawsuit, how is patient privacy affected |
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Definition
| it may be invaded if patentee has access to medical records |
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Term
| why do many countries not patent |
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Definition
| medical law extended from the oath that physicians take, the goal is preservation of life not to award inventions and no manufacturing or commerical value is attached |
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