Term
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Definition
| Range of motion; movement at a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| the cause and extent of any functional disability |
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Term
| what 2 things can a person's function be affected by when a disruption occurs in the musculoskeletal system? |
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Definition
| tramatic injury or repeated stress to tissue |
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Term
| dysfunctions may be caused by? |
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Definition
| a structural imbalance of muscle or bone, birth defects,surgery or degenerative changes in the body |
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Term
| dysfunction of musculoskeletal systems result in what kinds of symptoms? |
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Definition
| symptoms of pain, stiffness, edema(swelling), muscle weakness or fatigue or loss of ROM-range of motion |
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Term
| to conduct an examination,generate an accurate diagnosis, and develop an appropriate plan of care, therapists must have extensive knowlege in? |
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Definition
| anatomy, biomechanics, pathokinesiology, and exercise physiology |
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Term
| PT's must be knowlegeable in interventioni techniques , be able to analyze clinical situations and problem solve to determine which approach is appropriate for each patient. true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| effective communication techiques are critical for PTs and PTA's so they can establish good rapport with patients and provide necessary information to gain the patient's adherence to the plan of care. true or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| contributions to the growth of musculoskeletal physical therapy? |
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Definition
| contributions to the scientific literature and the development of sophisticated technology and new intervention techniques. changes in lifestyle have contributed |
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Term
| increase in physical fitness by general population have resulted in an increase in musculoskeletal dysfunction caused by overuse or raumatic injuries. t or f? |
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Definition
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Term
| contributing factors that cause overuse? |
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Definition
| increased fitness and computers/machinary. |
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Term
| increased use of computers and other technical machinery requiring repeated motions has had an impact on the incidence of overuse injuries in what extremity? |
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Definition
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Term
| individuals who must sustain postures at a computer or operate machinery while performing reapeated motions with their hands may be at risk for the development of muscle injury or nerve entrapment requring interventions by a PT. t or f? |
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Definition
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Term
| an increase in life span has resulted in the growth of this area of physical therapy as people are living longer, more active lives and experiencing symptoms related to degenerative changes in their bodies. t or f? |
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Definition
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Term
| similarities between orthopaedic physical therapy and sports physical therapy? |
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Definition
| in both areas the focus of rehabilitation is to regain optimum function and return the patient to the previous level of function and activity |
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Term
| within the scope of musculoskeletal physical therapy, a variety of patient problems may be treated. these conditions range from injuries sustained through? |
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Definition
| athletic participation, work related injuries, dysfunction after orthopaedic surgical proceedures, degenerative changes of the aging process |
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Term
| patients with musculoskeletal conditions referred for physical therapy may experience? |
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Definition
| pain, swelling, weakness, or loss of motion resultiong from stress to the musculoskeletal system. |
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Term
| stresses to the musculoskeletal system may include? |
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Definition
| damage to bones or soft tissue such as muscles, tendons, join capsules, ligaments, bursae, cartilage, and fascia in the extremities or spine |
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Term
| repeated stress to the musculoskeletal system can cause overuse injuries that may result in what? |
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Definition
| pain, inflammation, and dysfunction |
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Term
| common conditions caused by overuse injuries? |
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Definition
| Bursitis, tendinopathy, nerve entrapment |
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Term
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Definition
| an inflammation of bursae, which are fluid-filled sacs throughout the body that decrease friction between structures. |
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Term
| bursae become irritated and painful when they are repeatedly pinched between two structures. a common example of this mechanism of injury occurs where? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| disorders of a tendon. tendons are the structures that connect muscle to bone. tendinopathy can be the result of inflammation (tendinitis) |
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Term
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Definition
| degenerative changes caused by overuse |
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Term
| Tendinopathies usually result in painful movements and are frequently seen in the patellar tendon at the knee in people who perform repeated jumping and at the elbow in people who do repeated or sustained gripping activities. t or f? |
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Definition
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Term
| excessive overload to a tendon can result in ? |
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Definition
| a complete tear or rupture, which is commonly seen in the ankle or elbow and must be surgically repaired. |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure on a nerve, may result in a variety of suces and usually causes symptoms of tingling, pain, weakness, or any combination of these |
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Term
| bones, muscles, ligaments, and other soft tissue may be injured when they sustain a direct blow or when they are placed under excessive stretch. |
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Definition
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Term
| conditions that can arise from direct trauma? |
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Definition
| ligament sprain,fracture, muscle strain |
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Term
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Definition
| ligaments are supporting structures at the joints that serve to stablize the jont and prevent excess movement. when stretched their fibers can tear and cause pain and instability at the joint |
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Term
| a common site of sprain is where? |
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Definition
| at the ankle when the lateral(outside) ligaments are overstretched |
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Term
| another common site of ligament sprain? |
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Definition
| the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) at the knee. injuries to this ligament are usually the result of a twisting movement of the knee when the foot is planted commonly occuring in sports that require jumping or quick changes in direction, such as soccer or volleyball. |
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Term
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Definition
| direct trauma to bone can result in a break, or fracture, of the bone. |
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Term
| fractures can occur in which bones in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| fractures are commonly seen where? |
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Definition
| wrist or the hip after falls |
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Term
| why are elderly people prone to fractures? |
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Definition
| changes in the structure of their bones resulting from inactivity, inadequate nutrition, and degenerative conditions |
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Term
| how are fractures best diagnosed? |
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Definition
| use of radiographs ( x rays) |
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Term
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Definition
| a sudden contraction of a muscle or excessive stretch on a muscle can cause tearing of the muscle fibers, known as a strain. |
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Term
| FACT:a strain of the rotator cuff muscles at the shoulder can result in shoulder pain and weakness when lifting the arm, and cervical strains may be the result of a sudden movement of the neck, as with a whiplash inury. |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: individuals who have had surgery are another group of patiens commonly seen by orthopaedic physical therapists. |
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Definition
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Term
| types of injuries that may require surgical intervention? |
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Definition
| injuries resulting from repeated stress, acute trauma, or diseease processes |
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Term
| examples of orthopaedic surgery in which patients can benefit from physical therapy intervention to reduce pain and regain motion and strength that will allow optimal movement and function? |
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Definition
| total join arthroplasty, amputation |
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Term
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Definition
| painful movement caused by degenerative changes at joint surfaces can be alleviated through surgical replacement of the joint surfaces |
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Term
| joints most commonly replaced in total joint arthroplasty? |
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Definition
| weight-bearing joints, mainly at the hip and knee |
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Term
| FACT:in total joint arthroplasty theraputic intervention is necessary postoperatively to ensure maximum strenth and function and to provide patien education to prevent complications such as dislocation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical amputation is the removal of a portion of an extremity because of trauma, inadequate blood flow, or the presence of a malignant growth |
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Term
| inadequate circulation can be a result of disease processes such as? |
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Definition
| diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease, where as growth may indicate the presense of cancer |
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Term
| FACT:postoperative physical therapy addresses regaining strength in the remaining portion of the limb and functional training with a prosthesis. |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: numerous medical conditions may affect the musculoskeletal system by causing pain, weakness, or loss of function |
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Definition
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Term
| name a few systemic diseases that may cause impairments that disrupt the musculoskeletal system and result in functional challenges that can be addresssed by the orthopaedic physical therapist? |
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Definition
| rhuematoid arthritis, cancer, or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
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Term
| treating patients with musculoskeletal conditions requires the PT to have extensive knowledge in the areas of? |
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Definition
| anatomy, pathology, biomechanics, and pathokinesiology |
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Term
| The components of an initial examination? |
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Definition
| history, systems review, tests and measures |
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Term
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Definition
| involves gathering information about the current and past health status of a patient. |
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Term
| FACT: a history information is obtained by interviwing the patient or the patien'ts family or by accessing the patient's medical record. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| interview of the patient abouth the extent and nature of injury; a qualititative measurement based on the patien'ts perception of the problem |
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Term
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Definition
| quantitative or qualitative measurements that are taken by the physical therapist or physical therapist assistant or by use of a mechanical devise |
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Term
| FACT: the history is a qualitive measurement based on the patient's perception of the problem and is included in the S portion of SOAP note |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: often the history will give the therapist enough information to make a physical therapy diagnosis |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: questions asked during the history interview include information on the cause of the condition, current symptoms, previous physical therapy treatments, past medical history, and lifestyle as it pertains to work and recreation |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: pain scales are used during the history to gage a persons pain level. |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: upon completion of the history , the therapist should have gained information regarding the description and location of symptoms, nature of the disorder (acute versus chronic condition) behavior of the symptoms, nature of the disorder,and functional difficulties the patient may be experiencing. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brief examination to provide information about the general health of the patient/client, including physiological, anatomical , and cognitive status |
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Term
| FACT: systems review is included in the O portion of the SOAP note |
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Definition
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| FACT: information gathered during the systems review assists the therapist in developingh an appropriate plan of care and identifying health problems that may require consultation or referal to another health care provider |
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Definition
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Term
| FACT: in patients with a musculoskeletal condition, common system reviews may include monitoring of the heart rate and blood pressure, assessment of the skin integrity, and a gross assessment of join ROM, strength, and coordinated movements. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specific proceedures selected and performed to quantify the physical and functional status of the patient/client |
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Term
| FACT: the purpose of tests and measures is to establish baseline values and observations that can be used for comparison after a single treatment or a series of treatments. |
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Definition
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Term
| types of tests and measures performed |
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Definition
| observation, active range of motion, passive range of motion, strength, flexibility and functional tests, special tests, palpation and other diagnostic proceedures |
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Term
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Definition
| test and measure , observation is the "looking" phase of the examination. |
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Term
| active range of motion (AROM) |
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Definition
| the ability of the patient to volunarily move a limb through an arc of movement |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of movement at a joint that is obtained by the therapist moving the segment without assistance from the patient |
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Term
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Definition
| when a joint has less motion than is considered functional |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| measurement technique performed with a goniometer |
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Definition
| the amount of force produced during a voluntary muscular contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| test allows the therapist to determine the general strength of a muscle group and assess whether the muscle contraction produces pain |
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Term
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Definition
| MMT-used to isolate and test specific muscles, allows the therapist to assign a specific grade to a muscle. the grade is based on whether the patient can hold the limb against gravity, how much manual resistance can be tolerated, and whether the joint has full range of motion |
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Term
| FACT: other methods for measuring to measure strength are: dynamometers and computerized instruments such as isokinetic devices. these allow the therapist to obtain strength curves of isolated muscles, as well as specific force values |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the ability to move a limb segment through a specific range of motion ROM |
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Term
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Definition
| the joint must be pliable to allow movement between the joint surfaces. accessory motion is the ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spin on each other. |
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Term
| the amount of flexibility at a joint depends on 2 factors |
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Definition
| first, the soft tissue surrounding the joint must be pliable to allow movement between the joint surfaces. second, the muscle or muscles crossing the joint must be at an appropriate length to allow motion to occur |
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Term
FACT: appropriate flexibility or balance of muscles is a key component of a proper posture and body mechanics
FACT: a common test performed in flexibility of the lower extremity is the 90/90 straight leg raise. this test objectively measures flexibility of the hamstring muscles on the posterior aspect of the thigh |
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