Term
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Definition
| The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, and the factors that influence these processes |
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Term
What is this:
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes, and the factors that influence these processes |
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Definition
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Term
| What branch of psychology is William Wundt associated with? |
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Definition
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| What theorist is associated with structuralism? |
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Definition
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| What did William Wundt conduct experiments on? |
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Definition
Sensation
perception
attention |
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Term
| What did William Wundt have people doing in his experiments? |
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Definition
| Describing everything that went on in their minds |
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| What was the significant outcome of William Wundt's experiments? |
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Definition
| Officially marked psychology as a scientific discipline separate from philosophy and physiology |
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Term
| Which theorist is associated with Functionalism? |
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Definition
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| What branch of psychology is William James associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was William James' theory? |
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Definition
| Mental characteristics developed to allow people to survive by solving problems |
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Term
Who's theory is this and what branch of psychology are they associated with:
Mental characteristics were developed to allow people to survive by problem solving |
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Definition
| William James - Functionalism |
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Term
| How did William James study people? |
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Definition
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| Which theorist studied people in every day life, and what branch of psychology was he associated with? |
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Definition
| William James - Functionalism |
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Term
| What theorist is associated with psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
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| Which branch of psychology is Sigmund Freud associated with? |
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Definition
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| What is the concept of psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
| - process to uncover patients' unconscious thoughts by encouraging them to discuss their background, feelings, and experiences |
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Term
What is this and what theorist is associated with it:
Process to uncover patients' unconscious thoughts by encouraging them to discuss their background, feelings, and experiences |
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Definition
| Psychoanalysis - Sigmund Freud |
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Term
| What branch of psychology is a part of every day thinking? |
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Definition
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| What are some ideas in psychoanalysis? |
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Definition
| Subconscious, ego, dream analysis, Freudian slips |
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Term
| What theorist is associated with behaviourism? |
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Definition
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| What branch of psychology is John Watson associated with? |
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Definition
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| What is the concept of behaviourism? |
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Definition
| - study what can be observed, individual behaviour (relation/response to environmental stimuli) |
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Term
What is this and what theorist is associated with it?
Study what can be observed, individual behaviour (relation/response to environmental stimuli) |
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Definition
| Behaviourism - John Watson |
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Term
| What is the concept of humanism? |
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Definition
| Human beings make choices, and can take control of their lives |
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| In which time period was humanism created? |
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Definition
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What is this:
Human beings can make choices, and take control of their lives |
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Definition
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Term
| In what time period was cognitive psychology created? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cognitive psychology? |
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Definition
Study of mental processes involved in memory, learning, and thinking.
Researching the brain and its process by monitoring brain activity (what part of the brain is active when we talk, laugh) |
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Term
What is this:
Study of mental processes in memory, learning, and thinking.
Researching the brain and its processes by monitoring brain activity (what part of the brain is active when we talk, laugh) |
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Definition
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Term
| How is the brain and its processes researched in cognitive psychology? |
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Definition
| Seeing what part of the brain is active when we talk, walk, laugh, etc. |
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Term
| Cognitive psychology is the study of ______ _________ involved in _______, _______, and _______ |
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Definition
mental processes
memory, learning, and thinking |
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Term
| Name all branches of psychology, their concept and their theorists |
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Definition
Structuralism - people describe everything that went on in their minds, officially marked psych. as a scientific discipline - William Wundt
Functionalism - mental characteristics developed to allow people to survive by solving problems - William James
Psychoanalysis - the subconcious, encouraging patient to talk about feelings and experiences, a apart of everyday thinking - Sigmund Freud
Behaviourism - study what can be observed, individual behaviour - John Watson
Humanism - humans make choices and can take control of their life
Cognitive psychology - study of mental processes which include memory, learning and thinking, researching the brain and its processes |
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Term
What type of psychology is this:
Tries to understand general rules that govern behaviour and mental processes |
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Definition
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| What is the concept of theoretical psychology? |
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Definition
| Tries to understand the general rules that govern behaviour and mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
The process that activates our sense receptors
Transmits signals to the brain |
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What is this:
The process that activates our sense receptors and transmits signals to the brain |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the concept of clinical psychology? |
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Definition
| Uses theoretical information to help people experiencing mental problems |
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Term
What is this:
Uses theoretical information to help people with mental problems |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the concept of perception? |
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Definition
| Allows us to select, organize and interpret sensory signals in the brain |
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Term
| What allows us to select, organize, and interpret sensory signals in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is observational learning? |
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Definition
| Learning by observing people who acted as models |
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Term
What is this and which theorist is associated with it:
Learning by observing people who acted as models |
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Definition
| Observational learning - Albert Bandura |
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Term
| Which theorist is associated with observational learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Albert Bandura associated with and what did he come up with? |
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Definition
| Observation learning - 4 processes to observational learning |
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Term
| Explain the attention step of observational learning |
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Definition
| Attention - pay attention to the behaviour of others |
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Term
| Explain the retention step of observational learning |
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Definition
| Retention - store a mental representation of what you observe in your memory (what worked well) |
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| Explain the Reproduction step of observational learning |
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Definition
| Reproduction - put stored memory into action (practice) |
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Term
| Explain the Motivation step of observational learning |
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Definition
| Motivation - you must be motivated to practice skills (believe the skill is useful or important) |
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Term
| List and explain the 4 processes of observational learning |
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Definition
Attention - pay attention to the behaviour of others
Retention - store a mental representation of what you observe in your memory
Reproduction - put stored memory into action (practice)
Motivation - you must be motivated to practice skills (believe skill is useful or important) |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning to respond to a particular environmental stimuli, in a particular way |
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Term
What is this:
Learning to respond to a particular environmental stimulus in a particular way |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of conditioning? |
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Definition
- picking up a ringing telephone
- saying 'bless you' when someone sneezes
- comforting a crying baby |
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Term
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Definition
| Objects or events that produce a response from a person or other living thing |
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Term
| What are objects or events which produce a response from a person or other living thing |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a stimuli? |
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Definition
| Stopping your car at a red light |
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Term
| What is classical conditioning and who discovered it? |
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Definition
| Learning to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another - Ivan Pavlov (1849 - 1930) |
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Term
| What is learning to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another? |
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Definition
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| Who discovered classical conditioning? |
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Definition
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| What did Ivan Pavlov discover? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an unconditioned reaction? |
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Definition
| An automatic, unlearned reaction |
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Term
| What is an automatic, unlearned reaction called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a conditioned response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a learned reaction called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are innate reactions? |
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Definition
Instinct
- responses that members of a species are born with and help them survive |
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Term
| What are responses that members of a species are born with that help them survive? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of an innate reaction? |
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Definition
| Fish swimming upstream to spawn |
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Term
Pavlov's Dogs
Before and during conditioning, what is food, tuning fork, and salivation? |
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Definition
Food = unconditioned stimulus
Tuning fork = neutral stimulus
Salivation = unconditioned response |
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Term
Pavlov's Dogs
After conditioning, what is tuning fork, and salivation? |
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Definition
Tuning fork = conditioned stimulus
Salivation = conditioned response |
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Term
| Which theorist is associated with operant conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is B.F. Skinner associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the concept of operant conditioning? |
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Definition
| Repetition of responses is influenced by rewards or punishments |
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Term
What is this called:
Repetition of responses is influenced by rewards or punishments |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of operant conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is positive reinforcement? |
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Definition
| an event, situation or condition that increases the likelihood that a certain behaviour will recur |
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Term
| What is an event, situation or condition that increases the likelihood of a behaviour recurring? |
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Definition
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Term
What is this:
an event, situation or condition that decreases the likelihood that a certain behaviour will recur |
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Definition
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Term
| What is negative reinforcement? |
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Definition
| an event, situation or condition that decreases the likelihood that a certain behaviour will recur |
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Term
| What is an example of negative reinforcement? |
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Definition
| beeping when seatbelt is not on |
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Term
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Definition
| Capacity to acquire, retain, and recall knowledge and skills |
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Term
| What is the capacity to acquire, retain, and recall knowledge and skills? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of memory? |
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Definition
| Episodic, Semantic, Procedural |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to remember events from the past |
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Term
| What is the ability to remember things from the past called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Knowledge of how the world works |
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Term
| What is knowledge of how the world works called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain procedural memory |
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Definition
| Memory of how to do things |
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Term
| What is memory of how to do things called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- receives information from environment
- records info from senses for few seconds
- long enough to record what's necessary
- allows you to select what you think should be retained |
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Term
What is this:
- receives information from environment
- records info from senses for few seconds
- lets you select what you think should be retained |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of sensory memory? |
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Definition
| feel of chair against your back, sight of a squirrel, announcement of a test |
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Term
| Explain short term memory |
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Definition
- holds info for 15-20 seconds
- will be either discarded or stored in l.t.m.
- about 7 separate items (tel number)
- sound or mental picture |
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Term
What is this:
- hold info for 15-20 seconds
- discarded or stored in l.t.m. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many separate items can you store in your short term memory? |
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Definition
| 7 (tel number, street address) |
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Term
| How long is info held in your short term memory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- items that are important and have meaning
- easier to access if recalled regularly
- new learning may interfere with memory retention
- can remember for as long as we want
- easier to recall if organized and related to other info |
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Term
What is this:
- items that are important and have meaning
- easier to access if recalled regularly
- can remember for as long as we like |
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Definition
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