Term
| When did eukaryotes evolve? |
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Definition
| 1.5 to 2 billion years ago |
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Term
| When did oxygen first appear? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the first organisms to colonize land? |
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Definition
| Plant and symbiotic fungi |
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Term
| Where did life start first? |
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Definition
| On Earth 3.5 billion years ago, stromatolites which were built up by ancient photosynthetic prokaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA molecules that are capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions, similar to the action of protein enzymes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A methane-producing bacterium, especially an archaean that reduces carbon dioxide to methane. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism, especially a microorganism, that grows in or can tolerate saline conditions |
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Term
| What is spontaneous generation? |
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Definition
| The supposed production of living organisms from nonliving matter, as inferred from the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments. |
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Term
| What did Miller and Urey's experiment show? |
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Definition
| They showed that organic compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular life, could be made easily under the conditions that scientists believed to be present on the early earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemoautotroph is an organism that uses inorganic energy sources. They are mostly bacteria or archaea that live in hostile environments such as deep sea vents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms capable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source. Green plants and photosynthetic bacteria are photoautotrophs. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemoautotrophs use inorganic energy sources to synthesize organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Chemoheterotrophs are unable to utilize carbon dioxide to form their own organic compounds. |
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Term
| True or False: Prokaryotes can convert nitrogen into a form that can be used by plants. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three different shapes of bacteria? |
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Definition
| Rods (bacilli), Spheres (cocci), Spiral (spiral) |
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Term
| What are eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Cells with nuclei and other internal organelles |
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Term
| 11 major episodes in the history of life. |
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Definition
1. Origin of Earth
2. Earth cool enough for crust to solidify
3. Oldest prokaryotic fossils
4. Atmospheric oxygen appears
5. Oldest eukaryotic fossils
6. Origin of multicellular organisms
7. Oldest animal fossils
8. Cambrian explosion
9. Plant and symbiotic fungi colonize land
10. Extinction of dinosaurs
11. First humans |
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Term
| This event occurred earliest in the history of Earth |
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Definition
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Term
| This event occurred during the Paleozoic Era |
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Definition
| Colonization of land by plants |
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Term
| Based on the chemical make-up of the first self-replicating molecule, it most closely resembles the structure of certain types of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Self-replicating molecules are thought to have appeared when? |
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Definition
| about 4 billion years ago |
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Term
| The most likely location of where ribozymes developed is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The first genetic material was probably what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the first protocells form? |
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Definition
| When collections of organic molecules became isolated within membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| They formed abiotically when organic monomers splashed onto hot rocks and spontaneously joined into chains. |
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Term
| Where did the abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules take place? |
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Definition
| Near volcanoes or around deep-sea vents. |
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Term
| What is the earliest evidence of life on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the end result of bacterial conjugation? |
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Definition
| One cell has given a copy of a plasmid to another cells and kept one copy for itself. |
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Term
| From which cell does the sex pilus originate during bacterial conjugation? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False. During bacterial conjugation, the recipient cell receives a single-stranded loop of DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| The prokaryotic cells that built stromatolites are classified as __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The prokaryotic cells that were the first to add significant quantities of oxygen to Earth's atmospher are classified as ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Streptococcus aureus is classified with __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The chemoheterotroph Proteus vulgaris is a rod-shaped bacterium classified with __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Spiral-shaped bacteria are likely to be placed with |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the phylogenetic tree, what pair of prokaryotic subgroups share the most recent common ancestor? |
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Definition
| Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota |
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Term
| What structure helps bacteria to attach within the tissue that they will infect? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False. Bacteria reproduce by an asexual process in which one parent cell gives rise to identical daughter cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| How quickly do bacteria double? |
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Definition
| They double 6 times in 2 hours. |
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Term
| After a long period of coevolution, the photsynthetic bacterium consumed by the predatory cell became the cellular organelle known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| The bacteria initially persist in the predatory cell because _____________ |
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Definition
| The predatory cell is unable to digest the bacteria. |
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