Term
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Definition
| pain associated with injury to the mucosa, muscle, or bone and is usually the result of stimulation of pain receptors. It responds well to common analgesic medications and non-pharmacological interventions. |
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Term
| (Used for acute pain) They produce a greater analgesic effect, a higher peak, and a longer duration of effect in older adults. |
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Definition
| Opioids do what in older adults? |
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Term
| contraindicated in elderly patients. |
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Definition
| The use of Demerol is ... |
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Term
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Definition
| The drug is dissolved in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The drug (generally a water-insoluble drug) is suspend in some liquid medium. |
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Term
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Definition
| The drug is dissolved in an alcohol-based solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Semi-water soluble solutions of drugs are held in solution by alcohol. |
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Term
| Acute Dystonia (ADR for antipsychotics) |
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Definition
| observed as abnormal involuntary movement consisting of slow and continuous muscualr contraction or spasm. Involuntary muscular contractions of the mouth, jaw, face and neck are common. |
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Term
| Akathisia (side effect of antipsychotics) |
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Definition
| compulsion to be in motion and may occur at anytime during therapy. |
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Term
| Parkisonian Symptoms (side effect to some antipsychocotics and neuoroleptics) |
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Definition
| a bilateral tremor (as opposed to a unilateral tremor in true Parkinson's) bradykinesia, and rigidity may be seen. May progress to akinesia. |
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Term
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Definition
| When neuroleptics have been used continuously for 3 to 6 months, patients are at risk for the development of irreversible movements disorder; symptoms: wormlike movements of the tongue, other facial movements include grimacing, blinking, and frowning. Slow maintained involuntary twisting of limbs, trunk, neck, face and eyes. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid or solid form of the herb that is concentrated; it is made from mixing the crude herb with alcohol, water, or some other solven tthat is then distilled or evaporated. |
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Term
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Definition
| tea form; its primary uses are as an antiinflammatory and antispasmodic, said to relax smooth muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| used for flu and cold therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| use is associated with decreased blood clots by keeping platelets from sticking together; reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol; small decreases in blood pressure; and may have some anti-cancer activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| may somewhat improve cognitive function associated with mild or moderate memory impairment; helpful in treatment of vertigo, intermittent claudication, and some visual impairments. Preventing oxidative damage, by increasing blood flow to the brain and the rest of the body, and it effects on coagulation. Serious side effect is spontaneous bleeding; also GI upset, HA, hypersensitivity, palpatations, dizziness, and constipation. |
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Term
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Definition
| best known for its use to improve well-being and help and with stress adaptation |
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Term
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Definition
| used especially for glaucoma and as an antiinflammatory and antiarthritic; helps reduce pain and improve function with osteoarthritis of the knee, acting similarly to NSAIDS. Major side effects include GI upset, increased insulin resistance, or decreased insulin production. Individuals with diabetes, asthma, or a shellfish allergy should take with caution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Believed to have positive effect on congestive heart failure and coronary circulation, increases cardiac output. Antispasmodic, diuretic, sedative, and anxiety reducer. |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly used to treat mild or moderate depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD), research indicates that it also may have antiviral properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| said to offer mild to modest syptom improvement for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) |
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Term
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Definition
| process of acquiring, storing, sharing and using information. Attention span, concentration, intelligence, judgement and learning ability, memory, orientation, perception, problem solving, psychomotor ability, reaction time, and social intactness. |
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Term
| cognitive functions that remain stable |
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Definition
| attention span, language skills, communication skills, comprehension of discourse, and visual perception. |
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Term
| Cognitive skills that decline |
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Definition
| verbal fluency, logical analysis, selective attention, object naming, and complex visuospatial skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| skills that are biologically determined, independent of experience or learning. Measured in: spatial orientation, abstract reasoning, word fluency, and inductive reasoning. |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| knowledge and abilities that the person acquires through education and life. Measured by: verbal meaning, word association, social judgement, and number skills. |
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Term
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Definition
| "quiet or pleasantly confused"' reduced activity; lack of facial expression; passive demeanor; lethargy; inactivity; withdrawn and sluggish state; limited, slow, and wavering vocalizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive alertness; easy distractability; increased psychomotor acvtivity; hallucinations, delusions; agitation and aggressive actions; fast or loud speech; wandering, nonpurposeful repetitive movement; verbal behaviors (yelling, calling out); removing tubes; attempting to get out of bed. |
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Term
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Definition
| unpredictable fluctuations between hypoactivity and hyperactivity. |
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Term
| The need-driven dementia compromised behavior model |
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Definition
| framework for the study and understanding of behavioral symptoms of dementia; proposes that the behavior of persons with dementia carries a message of need that can be addressed appropriately if the person's history and habits, physiological status, and physical and social environment are carefully evaluated. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a condition that occurs when the amount of drug in a body exceeds the amount necessary to bring about a therapeutic effect, exceeds the therapeutic level, or becomes a harmful agent in the body, producing adverse effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| is excessive use of drugs or the prescribing of multiple drugs at one time. It occurs in an attempt to treat several disorders simultaneously and creates high risk for interactions and adverse drug reactions. Polypharmacy stems from multichronicity, the prescribing methods of physicians, the beliefs and practices of older adults, and the practice of seeing more than one caregiver. |
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Term
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Definition
| does not change appreciably with age, although changes in gastrointestinal motility may affect it, and age-related change in gastric pH may affect certain medications. |
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Term
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Definition
| may be altered because of aging changes such as decreased total body water, decreased cardiac output, increased adipose tissue, and diminished plasma albumin |
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Term
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Definition
| is slowed because of decreased hepatic perfusion, leading to a prolonged half-life |
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Term
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Definition
| may be altered in dehydration; creatinine clearance can be used to estimate kidney function. |
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Term
| The most common drugs to produce adverse reactions in older persons include warfarin, digoxin, prednisone, diuretics, antihypertensives, insulin, aspirin, and antidepressants. |
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Definition
| What are the most common drugs to create adverse drug reactions in OA? |
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Term
| The most common adverse reactions related to drug therapy in older adults have been identified as sedation, confusion, lethargy, and falls. |
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Definition
| What are the most common adverse reactions to drugs in OA's? |
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Term
| underuse, overuse, erratic use, and contraindicated use |
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Definition
| Name the 4 types of drug misuse |
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