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| studies the earth, including its composition, structure and other physical aspects. |
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| MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNIT |
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| refers to a type of well drilling device on an oil or gas drilling rig that employs a section of pipe with a polygonal (three-, four-, six-, or eight-sided) or splined outer surface, which passes through the matching polygonal or splined kelly (mating) bushing and rotary table. |
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the very start of drilling on a new well.
/spudding-oil-drilling.html#ixzz25WxtGdcq |
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| A storage place for the kelly, consisting of an opening in the rig floor fitted with a piece of casing with an internal diameter larger than the outside diameter of the kelly, but less than that of the upper kelly valve so that the kelly may be lowered into the rathole until the upper kelly valve rests on the top of the piece of casing. |
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| An opening in the rig floor near the rotary table, but between the rotary table and the vee-door, that enables rapid connections while drilling. |
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| The act of pulling the drillstring out of the hole or replacing it in the hole. A pipe trip is usually done because the bit has dulled or has otherwise ceased to drill efficiently and must be replaced. |
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The pressure, usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi), at the bottom of the hole. This pressure may be calculated in a static, fluid-filled wellbore with the equation:
BHP = MW * Depth * 0.052 |
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| The combination of the drillpipe, the bottomhole assembly and any other tools used to make the drill bit turn at the bottom of the wellbore. |
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| Large-diameter pipe lowered into an openhole and cemented in place. The well designer must design casing to withstand a variety of forces, such as collapse, burst, and tensile failure, as well as chemically aggressive brines. |
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| The pipes used to transport oil and gas from a field to the main pipeline in the area. |
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| A device with blades or brushes inserted in a pipeline for cleaning purposes. The pressure of the oil stream behind pushes the pig along the pipeline to clean out rust, wax, scale and debris. These devices are also called scrapers. |
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| A term that is generally synonymous with drilling fluid and that encompasses most fluids used in hydrocarbon drilling operations, especially fluids that contain significant amounts of suspended solids, emulsified water or oil. Mud includes all types of water-base, oil-base and synthetic-base drilling fluids. Drill-in, completion and workover fluids are sometimes called muds, although a fluid that is essentially free of solids is not strictly considered mud. |
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| The location, or depth, at which drilling an interval of a particular diameter hole ceases, so that casing of a given size can be run and cemented. Establishing correct casing points is important in the design of the drilling fluid program. The casing point may be a predetermined depth, or it may be selected onsite by a pressure hunt team, selected onsite according to geological observations or dictated by problems in the openhole section. In many cases, weak or underpressure zones must be protected by casing to enable mud weight adjustments that control unstable formations or overpressure zones deeper in the wellbore. |
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| The intentional deviation of a wellbore from the path it would naturally take. This is accomplished through the use of whipstocks, bottomhole assembly (BHA) configurations, instruments to measure the path of the wellbore in three-dimensional space, data links to communicate measurements taken downhole to the surface, mud motors and special BHA components and drill bits, including rotary steerable systems, and drill bits. The directional driller also exploits drilling parameters such as weight on bit and rotary speed to deflect the bit away from the axis of the existing wellbore. |
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| Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer, as a result of the action of a pressurized fluid. Some hydraulic fractures form naturally—certain veins or dikes are examples—and can create conduits along which gas and petroleum from source rocks may migrate to reservoir rocks. Induced hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, commonly known as fraccing or fracking, is a technique used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction.[a][1] This type of fracturing creates fractures from a wellbore drilled into reservoir rock formations. |
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| If the decision is to abandon it, the hole is considered to be dry, that is, not capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities. In other words, some oil or gas may be present but not in amounts great enough to justify the expense of completing the well. Therefore, several cement plugs will be set in the well to seal it off more or less permanently. |
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| perforation in the context of oil wells refers to a hole punched in the casing or liner of an oil well to connect it to the reservoir. |
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| The set of valves, spools and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well. |
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| A type of damage in which foreign particles injected during normal well operations, such as drilling, completion, workover, stimulation or enhanced recovery, block the near-wellbore formation, reducing well productivity. |
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| use the artificial lift technique of raising a fluid such as water or oil by introducing bubbles of compressed air, water vapor or other vaporous bubbles into the outlet tube. This has the effect of reducing the hydrostatic pressure in the outlet tube vs. the hydrostatic pressure at the inlet side of the tube. |
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| is the overground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well. |
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| An operation in which the well stream is passed through two or more separators that are arranged in series. The first separator is called first-stage separator, the second separator is called second-stage separator and additional separators are named according to their position in the series. The operating pressures are sequentially reduced, so the highest pressure is found at the first separator and the lowest pressure at the final separator. |
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| The repair or stimulation of an existing production well for the purpose of restoring, prolonging or enhancing the production of hydrocarbons. |
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| is a well conversion for oil, gas and other subsurface resources production from certain resources (formations, horizons) to other ones. It is performed in the process of field development with several productive formations drilled by a one well network, when wells which have tapped one of the formations are fully worked out, encroached or their technical condition have changed. |
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| The second stage of hydrocarbon production during which an external fluid such as water or gas is injected into the reservoir through injection wells located in rock that has fluid communication with production wells. The purpose of secondary recovery is to maintain reservoir pressure and to displace hydrocarbons toward the wellbore. |
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| Traditionally, the third stage of hydrocarbon production, comprising recovery methods that follow waterflooding or pressure maintenance. The principal tertiary recovery techniques used are thermal methods, gas injection and chemical flooding. The term is sometimes used as a synonym for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), but because EOR methods today may be applied at any stage of reservoir development, the term tertiary recovery is less commonly used than in the past. |
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| Abbreviation for liquefied natural gas. |
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| Cracking is the name given to breaking up large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. This is achieved by using high pressures and temperatures without a catalyst, or lower temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst. |
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| TYPES OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS |
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| buisiness, labor, agriculture, and professional |
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| A contractual agreement with an owner who holds a working interest in an oil and gas lease to assign all or part of that interest to another party in exchange for fulfilling contractually specified conditions. |
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