Term
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Definition
most potent cycloplegic agent
can last up to 2 weeks
used when long term dilation is necessary (ie very bad iritis, or eveitis, post-op)
decreases intraocular inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
fastest acting cycloplegic agent (30 min)
shortest duration of ation: 4-6 hrs
uses: refractions (OK in children), dilated fundus exams, used by itself or w/phenylephrine for routine dilation |
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Term
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Definition
cycloplegic agent, stronger than mydriacyl
acts in 30 min, lasts up to 24 hrs
Uses: children to determine acute refraction correction, corneal abrasion, mild conditions to keep eye relaxed for a few days or to decrease pain |
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Term
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Definition
cycloplegic agent
lasts 1-3 days
uses: 4x/day for corneal abrasions, chemical burns to eye, iritis, uveitis, post-op |
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Term
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Definition
cycloplegic agent
lasts 2-4 days to 1 week
NOT used on a regular basis b/c of AE but used as transderm patch to prevent motion sickness (may cause unilateral pupil dilation)
AE: greater incidence of toxic rxn than any of the other drugs: psychosis, restlestness, confusion, hallucinations, vomiting, urinary incontience |
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Term
| What cycloplegic agents can be used to increase patient comfort with corneal abrasions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
adrenergic agonist, stimulators mueller's muscles and dilator muscles
dilation seen in 45 min, recovery in 6 hours
usually added to over the counter drops, whiten the eye due to vasoconstriction
rebound effects: vasodilation, eye redeness |
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Term
| What is the fastest acting pupil dilator? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for routine dilation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cycloplegic agents, and how do they work? |
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Definition
atropine, mydriacyl, cyclogyl, homatropine, scopolamine
they are cholinergic antagonists that block constriction and accomodation |
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Term
| alpha adrenergic receptors on the eye |
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Definition
| cause contraction of radially arranged dilator muscles in the iris--> pupil dilation |
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Term
| cholinergic receptors on the eye |
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Definition
| sphincter muscle in iris (constrict pupil) and ciliary muscles (near accomodation) |
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Term
| B adrenergic receptors in eye |
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Definition
| ciliary body: relax-> far accomodation |
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Term
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Definition
direct-acting cholinergic agonist
used to test for anisocoria
contracts and pulls iris in>stretches trabecular meshwork>^aq humor drainage>decrease intraocular pressure |
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Term
| What drug can cause a brow ache in patients, and why? |
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Definition
pilocarpine
decreases amount of light into eye and ability to accommodate |
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Term
| What are the AEs of pilocarpine? |
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Definition
brow ache
pupillary constriction
spasm of accomodation |
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Term
| What is the MOA of epinephrine? |
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Definition
| acts on receptors in trabecular meshwork to increase fluid outflow and therefore decrease intraocular pressure |
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Term
| What are the AEs of epinephrine? |
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Definition
HTN crisis & tachycardia via nasal absorption
localized burning, irritation, allergic rxn, accum of melanin granules, redness of eyes, headache |
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Term
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Definition
| more lipophilic version of Epinephrine> increased absorption into cornea>less systemic AEs and lower concentration needed |
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Term
| What is the drug of choice for glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
non-selective beta blocker used for glaucoma
moa: decreases aqueous formation via receptors on ciliary bodies |
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Term
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Definition
selective B1 blocker
decreases aqueous formation |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-adrenergic agonist, decreases aqueous formation |
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Term
| How do you diagnose Horner's syndrome? |
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Definition
block NE reuptake (ie cocaine)
(no dilation = horner's)
light reflex test (turn off light, size diff bet pupil increase = Horner's |
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Term
| How do you test a patient to see if a 3rd order neuron defect is causing Horner's? |
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Definition
| paredrine stimulates 3rd order neuron (no dilation = 3rd order neuron defect) |
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