Term
| What is the pathophys of osteoporosis? |
|
Definition
increased bone resportion
decreased bone formation
spicules are smaller/thinner and more fragile
histologically bone looks the same but is much thinner/weaker structurally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is osteoporosis currently treated? |
|
Definition
estrogens: decrease bone loss, but increases risk of endometrial carcinoma in post-menopausal women
increased calcium
calcitonin injections |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sites of bone thinning due to OP? |
|
Definition
neck of femur
vertebral column
metacarpals |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to diagnose OP? |
|
Definition
| dual photon beam denistometry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone disease of the elderly, caused by deficiency in Vitamin D
organic matrix has deficiency in mineralization (alters organic to mineral balance) |
|
|
Term
| What are the results of osteomalacia? |
|
Definition
bending, bowing, breaking of bones
overabundance of organic matrix, not mineralized
bone takes much longer to mineralize |
|
|
Term
| How is osteomalacia diagnosed? |
|
Definition
| decrease phosphorous, low calcium, increased alkaline phosphatase, widening of osteoid seams |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sits in monostotic and polystotic paget's disease? |
|
Definition
monostotic: tibia
polystotic: spine and pelvis |
|
|
Term
| What causes Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)? |
|
Definition
| infection of osteoclast by a paramyxovirus |
|
|
Term
| mosaic pattern of bone formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the stages in paget's disease? |
|
Definition
osteolytic- increase in fibrous tissue and vascularity between bony spicules>red hot skin over bone>could lead to high output cardiac failure
osteolytic/osteoblastic: lysis of bone continues but increase in osteoblastic activity leads to tremendous amount of bone formation in bizarre patterns |
|
|
Term
| Describe the differences in bone between pagets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. |
|
Definition
osteoporosis- organic/mineral matrix balance is the same, but spicules are smaller and thinner and more fragile
osteomalacia: bone is not mineralized
pagets: bone is thicker from irregular deposition of mineral but structural integrity is lost |
|
|
Term
| What condition can lead to osteogenic sarcoma? |
|
Definition
| paget's disease, from the increased osteoblastic activity |
|
|
Term
| What is matrix metabolic madness? |
|
Definition
| The rapid rate of bone matrix turnover seen in paget's disease |
|
|
Term
| What disease has the highest level of alkaline phosphatase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the skeletal changes seen in Paget's? |
|
Definition
| thickening of arms, tibia, femur, pelvis, clavicles and skull |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of bone healing? |
|
Definition
1. blood clot forms at the fracture site
2. collage production at ends of bones>fibrous procallus within the first 10-14 days
3. formation of cartilaginous procallus |
|
|
Term
| What is a psuedoarthrosis? |
|
Definition
| a joint space without cartilage or bone formation that results if a bone is not properly immobilized |
|
|
Term
| What causes osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
infection of the bone, usually by S. aureus, B hemolytic strep, or coliforms (E coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas)
children under 20: h. influenzae and B hemolytic strep |
|
|
Term
| How does an organism get into the bone in osteomyelitis? |
|
Definition
underdeveloped countries: hematogenous spreads
developed countries: direct spread from wounds ie foot ulcers |
|
|
Term
| What organisms causes osteomylitis in patients w/SCA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain the pathophys of osteomyelitis. |
|
Definition
1. organism sets up shop in metaphysis where blood flow is slow
2. host walls it off or forms Brodie's abscess
3. if the infection expands and spreads, it can lead to a large area of bone necrosis called sequestrum
4. organism can move through cortex>subperiosteum>jt space(in kids) or sinus tracts with the skin |
|
|
