Term
| What are the aminoglycosides, and what are their MOA? |
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Definition
tobramycin, amikacin, neomycin, gentamicin
conc-dep bactericidal: bind 30s>inhibit translation>misreading/cell death |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| enzyme inactivation, altered membrane permeability, target site mutation |
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Term
| What are the main uses of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| gram (-) nosocomial, mycobact, pseudomonal, endocartitis (gram + synergy) |
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Term
| What are the advantages to using the extended interval for administration of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| higher peaks, lower trough, less monitoring |
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Term
| What are the AEs of aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| nephrotox, ototox, neuromusc block |
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Term
| What is clindamycin used for? |
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Definition
| aspiration PNA, SSTIs, anaerobic infections, acne (topical) |
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Term
| What is the MOA of clindomycin? |
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Definition
| bacteriostatic: binds 50s>inhibits peptidyl transferase>inhibits translation |
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Term
| What are the AEs of clindamycin? |
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Definition
| pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, abd pain, nausea, rash |
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Term
| What is the spectrum covered by clindamycin? |
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Definition
| staph, strep, anaerobes, NOT atypicals |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| GPC, GNR, pseudomonas, enterococc, acinetobacter |
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Term
| Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin |
|
Definition
macrolide antibiotics
spectrum: strep, atypicals, h. pylori
AE: ^QT interval/torsades, N/V/D, rash |
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Term
| minocycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline |
|
Definition
tetracyclines: bind 30s & block tRNA from binding
spectrum: some GNR and GPC, atypicals burgdorferi, Y pestis, T Palldium, MRSA |
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Term
|
Definition
| a tetracycline used for SIADH |
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Term
|
Definition
a ketolide, PO only
spectrum: macrolide (strep, atypicals, h. pylori) + strep pneumoniae
AE: N/V/D, rash, hepatotoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
IV only: a glycycline to overcome resistance from efflex pump
used for GNR, GPC, MRSA, VRE, NOT pesudomonas or proteus
AE: significant N/V |
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Term
|
Definition
binds 50s, blocks peptidyl transferase
anaerobes, staph, strep, eneterococc, some GNR
AE: hepat metab via conjugation>gray baby syndrome, BM suppression |
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Term
| What is the spectrum of the natural penicillins? |
|
Definition
streptococci
enterococci
treponema pallidum (syphillis) |
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